The Process of Digestion and the Urinary System: Functions and Kidney Failure
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Process of Digestion
Mouth: Enzyme amylase breaks the chemical bonds.
Esophagus: Epiglottis prevents food from entering the lungs. Peristalsis helps food pass through smooth muscles.
Stomach: Chemical digestion (pepsin breaks down proteins with acid). Mucus protects the stomach. Mechanical digestion produces chyme. Cardiac sphincter closes the stomach.
Small Intestine: Chyme enters the small intestine. Bile is released to aid in fat digestion. Enzymes from the pancreas and duodenum complete digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the villi. Undigestible substances go to the large intestine for elimination.
Functions of the Pancreas:
- Hormones to regulate blood sugar levels.
- Produces enzymes to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Produces