Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Motivation

Types of Motivation

There are two main types of motivation:

• Intrinsic Motivation: This stems from personal factors. Different approaches to intrinsic motivation include:

1. Humanistic approaches
2. Cognitive approaches
3. Social cognitive theories
4. Sociocultural conceptions

Extrinsic Motivation: This comes from environmental factors. Different approaches to extrinsic motivation include:

1. Behavioral approaches
2. Social cognitive theories

Strategies to Motivate Students

• Extrinsic: Leaderboards, gold stars, and punishments.
• Intrinsic: Self-knowledge, love, and passion.

Setting challenging yet realistic goals is crucial for student motivation. Strategies to increase motivation include:

• Building positive relationships with students
• Providing regular feedback on

... Continue reading "Motivating Students in Blended Learning Environments" »

Kidney and Urinary Tract Conditions

Renal Failure Explained

Renal failure signifies insufficient filtration of blood at the Malpighian glomeruli. This leads to reduced urine production and inadequate elimination of excretory substances.

Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, seizures, and fainting. If untreated, it can lead to death.

Common causes include:

• Renal injuries
• Deficient blood pressure in the kidneys
• Urine retention due to an obstruction in the urinary tract

Nephritis: Kidney Inflammation

Nephritis is kidney inflammation resulting from infectious or non-infectious causes. Symptoms typically include pain, goosebumps, and fever.

Cystitis: Bladder Inflammation

Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, generally caused by an infection. It results... Continue reading "Human Body Systems: Renal, Reproductive, and Cellular Functions" »

English Grammar Essentials

Relative Pronouns

• Who (that): Refers to a person.
• Which (that): Refers to a thing or animal.
• When: Refers to a time.
• Whose: Refers to possession (cuyo).
• Where: Refers to a place.

Omission Rules:

• You can omit who, which, that when followed by a pronoun.
• You can omit who, which, that + be when followed by a verb in the -ing form or the 3rd column (past participle).

Conditionals

• Zero Conditional: Always true.
  Structure: IF + Present Simple --- Present Simple
• First Conditional: Future possibility.
  Structure: IF + Present Simple --- will
• Second Conditional: Hypothetical situations.
  Structure: IF + Past Simple (2nd column / did) --- would
• Third Conditional: Past hypothetical situations.
  Structure: IF + Past Perfect (had + 3rd column)

... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar Rules and Vocabulary" »

Political Repercussions: Spain and China

Repression

Spain

• Francisco Franco's regime showed no interest in reconciliation.
• Approximately 50,000 executions and 20,000 internment camps were established.
• The 1939 Law of Political Responsibilities was enacted.
• Around 250,000 people were exiled, including figures like Manuel de Falla.
• SJ Lee noted that repression relaxed over time.

China

• The 1951 Three-Anti Campaign and the 1952 Five-Anti Campaign continued the terror.
• These campaigns targeted those who believed in private property, labeling them as "class enemies" according to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
• These killings were referred to as the "neoplasm classified," implying they were seen as a cancerous growth to be eradicated.
• Approximately 90% of the

... Continue reading "Authoritarian Regimes: Political and Social Transformations in Spain and China" »

Understanding Hotel Booking Engines

Booking Engine (BE): A hotel booking engine is an application on hotel websites and social media pages designed to capture and process direct online reservations. It works by integrating with your hotel website to securely process bookings. Notable providers include Mirai, Bookassist, and Roiback.

Benefits of Revenue Management Strategies

A robust revenue management strategy offers several key benefits:

• Improved ability to predict customer wants and needs.
• More effective and competitive pricing strategies.
• Expansion into new and available markets.
• Stronger relationships and collaboration between company divisions.

Dynamic Pricing: The Optimal Strategy

Dynamic pricing is often considered the optimal strategy because... Continue reading "Hotel Revenue Optimization: Strategies for Direct Bookings" »

The Debate on Video Games and Adolescent Development

Many people think that video games have negative effects on adolescents and they should be limited. They say that video games are a distraction from their chores. However, others think they are necessary. The question is, should parents limit the time of play video games or ban it?

Positive Effects of Video Games

On the one hand, others believe that video games are essential in this time, as they help develop qualities such as improving English skills, playing in other languages, and increasing mental speed. Video games also act as a communication bridge with other countries and cultures, as well as a form of entertainment.

Negative Effects of Video Games

On the other hand, video games also have... Continue reading "The Debate on Video Games and Sexual Education" »

Financial Analysis Techniques

Sensitivity Analysis

• Considers changes in variables, only one change in each simulation.
• Provides a tool to answer “what if” questions.
• By comparing changes in different variables, we can assess project risks and make decisions accordingly.

Scenario Analysis

• Considers changes in two or more variables simultaneously.
• Allows consideration of the best and worst-case scenarios.
• Requires a large number of simulations.
• By comparing different scenarios, we can assess project risks.

Break-Even Analysis

• The Break-Even point is the level of sales that offsets all costs.
• It can be calculated in terms of profit or cash flow.
• It must assume a certain sales mix if the product contributions are different.

Monte Carlo Simulation

• Statistical

... Continue reading "Financial Analysis Techniques & Market Efficiency" »

The Reality of Being an Influencer

Many people think that being an influencer is a very appealing career path. They imagine gaining widespread recognition, receiving free products, and traveling frequently. However, others hold a different view, arguing that it isn't a 'real' job and doesn't offer the financial stability of traditional employment.

Advantages of Being an Influencer

Firstly, let's consider the advantages. A key aspect is the ability to influence a large audience regarding topics you are knowledgeable or passionate about. Influencers can also serve as a valuable resource for consumers, helping them make purchasing decisions.

Disadvantages and Challenges

The disadvantages also play a vital role in understanding this profession. Many... Continue reading "The Influencer Phenomenon: Advantages, Drawbacks & Vocabulary" »

The NAACP's Fight Against Lynching

Introduction

During the 1930s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) fought tirelessly to pass anti-lynching bills in the United States. However, their efforts were met with fierce resistance from Southern Democrats, who used a variety of tactics to ensure the defeat of these bills.

The New Deal and Civil Rights

The New Deal, a series of economic and social reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, brought about significant political, social, and economic changes in the United States. However, African Americans were still not treated equally. New Deal agencies failed to provide work and welfare support for African Americans, and the main culprits were Southern Democrats... Continue reading "The NAACP's Fight Against Lynching: Obstacles and Setbacks" »

English Sentence Transformation Practice

Enhance your English grammar skills by practicing sentence transformations. Each item presents an original sentence followed by its rephrased or corrected version.

1. Original Sentence: Although it was raining, we didn't take our umbrellas.

   Corrected Answer: Despite the fact that it was raining / Despite raining, we didn't take our umbrellas.

2. Original Sentence: If the neighbours don't stop shouting, I'll call the police.

   Corrected Answer: Unless they stop shouting, I'll call the police.

3. Original Sentence: It's a pity you didn't work more efficiently.

   Corrected Answer: I wish you were/worked more efficiently.

4. Original Sentence: If you drive fast, you'll use more petrol.

   Corrected Answer: The faster you drive, the

... Continue reading "Mastering English Sentence Rewriting" »