Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Arts and Humanities for Secondary education

Science, Technology, and Sustainability

• Chemical: químico
• Computer-generated: creado por el ordenador
• Energy-saving: que ahorra energía
• High tech: tecnología punta
• Sustainable: sostenible
• Wireless: inalámbrico
• Store: guardar

Action and Development Verbs

• Boost: apoyarse / impulsar
• Burn: quemar
• Perform: representar
• Release: liberar
• Rest: descansar
• Develop: desarrollar
• Support: apoyar
• Developer: desarrollador
• Development: desarrollo
• Supporter: partidario

Phrasal Verbs and Emotional States

Common Phrasal Verbs

• Calm down: calmarse
• Cheer up: animar a alguien / animarse
• Cut down: cortar con / reducir
• Face up to: hacer frente a
• Open up: abrirse
• Slow down: ir más despacio
• Work out: entrenar
• Bring up: criarse / mencionar
• Own up: admitir
• Split up: separarse
• Chill out: relajarse

Moods

The Symbolism of Georgiana’s Birthmark

The narrator explains that the birthmark in question is a red mark in the shape of a tiny hand on Georgiana’s left cheek. The mark disappears when she blushes. Georgiana’s male admirers love the birthmark, and many would risk their lives just to kiss it. While some women think the mark ruins her beauty, the narrator dismisses this as nonsense.

Aylmer’s Fatal Potion and the Quest for Perfection

He brings her a potion that he says cannot fail, demonstrating how it cures a geranium of blots. She drinks the liquid and sleeps. Aylmer watches her with tenderness, but also as if he is watching a scientific experiment unfold. Gradually, the birthmark fades. Aminadab laughs. Georgiana wakes, sees herself in...

Fiction and Prose Narratives

Fiction: In literature, a work created from the imagination of the writer.

Novel: A lengthy and complex fictional prose narrative dealing imaginatively with the human condition using a connected series of events and a group of characters in a specific setting.

Short Story: A brief fictional prose narrative usually concerning a single effect portrayed in a single episode or scene and with a limited number of characters focusing on unity of characterization, theme, and effect.

Poetry and Verse Forms

Poetry: A work designed to convey a vivid and imaginative sense experience through the use of condensed language selected for its sound and suggestive power and meaning, and employing specific technical devices, such as meter,...

Essential Film and Audio Production Terms

Radio and Podcasting

• Radcom brief: Similar to a job advertisement.
• Pod: A radio program that is stored in a digital format, which you can download.

Film Production

• Cue: A word or action in a film that is used as a signal by a performer to begin saying or doing something.
• Running order: The order in which the parts of an event have been arranged to happen.
• Debriefing: A document that collects information about the customer.
• Release form: Permission to shoot on certain locations.
• DV footage: Nonprofessional filming.
• Pull focus: The focus of the camera is moved from one point to another.
• Recce: To visit a place to see the location and possibilities.
• Hook: Something that keeps you watching a film.
• Approach: To come

Understanding Realism in Literature

The novel is distinguished by its formal realism: it is stocked with people and places that seem real or evoke the real world.

The Role of Unrealistic Elements

Parody and satire are often unrealistic, but they can cause us to see our everyday world very differently. Sometimes, that which distorts what the real world is like may actually lead us to see it more accurately.

Key Perspectives on Realism

• Georg Lukács: He argued that the classic realistic novel of the 19th century was the pinnacle of the novel's artistic achievement, and a decline took place from that point on.
• Bertolt Brecht: The German dramatist believed we must not derive realism from particular existing works. For him, realism is not a question of

TV & Film Glossary

A-C

Audience

A group of spectators or listeners.

Box-Office Hit

A film that has collected a lot of money.

Cast

The actors in a film, play, or other performance.

Channel

A television station and its programs.

Character

A person represented in a drama.

Childhood

The period of life before puberty.

Contestant

A person who takes part in a contest or competition.

H-L

High Point

A moment or occasion of great intensity, interest, happiness, etc.

Hoax

An intentional farce that is commonly believed to be true.

Let-Down

A disappointment.

Light Bulb

A glass bulb containing a gas at low pressure and enclosing a thin metal filament that emits light when an electric current is passed through it.

Live

Transmitted at the time of performance.

N-S

Network

An interconnected...

Understanding Combine Painting

A combine painting is an artwork that incorporates various objects into a painted canvas surface, creating a hybrid between painting and sculpture. Items attached to paintings might include:

• Photographic images
• Clothing
• Newspaper clippings
• Ephemera
• Three-dimensional objects

The term is most closely associated with the artwork of American artist Robert Rauschenberg (1925–2008), who coined the phrase to describe his own creations. Rauschenberg’s Combines challenged the blurry boundaries between art and the everyday world.

Robert Rauschenberg and Pop Art

Robert Rauschenberg (1925–2008) was an American painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the Pop Art movement. He is well known for his "Combines" of...

English Adjectives and Meanings

• Colorful: full of color (lleno de color)
• Spontaneous: something not prepared (espontáneo)
• Peaceful: not involving violence (pacífico)
• Dramatic: attracting attention (dramático)
• Amusing: providing enjoyment (divertido)
• Unusual: (raro)
• Striking: attracting attention (llamativo)
• Romantic: related to love (romántico)
• Natural: something from or related to nature (natural)
• Moving (physically): a moving train (mover)
• Moving (emotionally): arousing or touching emotions (emocionante)
• Powerful: implies force (poderoso)

Understanding English Antonyms

Prefix "Un-"

• unhappy
• unemotional
• unfair
• unbelievable

Prefix "Ir-"

• irresponsible
• irregular

Prefix "Il-"

• illogical
• illegal

Prefix "In-"

• intolerant
• informal
• insecure
• insensible

Prefix "Im-"

• immortal
• impossible
• impolite
• immature

Essential

Master Artists of the Renaissance and Baroque

Titian

Titian focused on religious themes and mythological paintings. His work is characterized by detailed execution, painted with joy, and a unique style where he did everything by hand, creating a character very much his own.

Donato Bramante

Bramante was an architect who first introduced the Renaissance style. He was appointed as the papal architect. His work is characterized by severity and the use of a central facility covered by a dome.

Piero della Francesca

Piero was known as a mathematician and surveyor who exemplified Euclidean perspective. His characteristics include the use of geometric shapes, serene humanism, and representing Christ in human form.

Filippo Brunelleschi

Brunelleschi was one of...

Fundamental Rhetorical Figures

• Antithesis: Using words of opposite meaning.
• Paradox: Combining two ideas that, in principle, seem irreconcilable.
• Oxymoron: Combining terms that are inherently contradictory.
• Gradation: Ordering a sequence of ideas from least to most, or most to least.
• Hyperbole: Exaggerating reality to emphasize a point.
• Irony: Expressing the opposite of what is communicated, often through mockery or specific tone.

Comparison and Imagery

• Simile: Explicitly comparing a real term with a poetic object, typically using the word "like" or "as."
• Metaphor: Affirming the identity of a real object (A) and a poetic object (B) without using "like."
  • Impure Metaphor: Both A and B appear (e.g., "Your teeth are pearls").
  • Pure Metaphor: The real object