Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Emilia Pardo Bazán: Naturalism and Literary Impact

Emilia Pardo Bazán was a woman of great culture and an active intellectual, engaging as a journalist, fiction writer, and literary critic. Her work includes numerous articles and critical essays. She wrote eighteen novels, several short stories, and novellas.

Literary Contributions and Naturalism

In 1883, she published La Cuestión Palpitante (which originated from newspaper articles), where she analyzed and criticized Émile Zola's naturalism. Although Catholic, she rejected determinism but praised the method of observation.

Emilia Pardo Bazán's narrative incorporates naturalist elements: the influence of environment, violent and lurid descriptions, among others.

Among her novels, Los Pazos

Intentionality in Journalistic Texts

In this message, we can observe a complex intentionality, which certainly comes determined primarily by the genre of opinion that this text belongs to, *periodistico*. On one side, the representative function is patent (item), an element of communication that takes precedence over the other five segments representing the transmitted message.

The text objectively concerning the subject of the news (...) is also remarkable. The presence of the expressive function is also remarkable because it expresses the intention of rating, made from the personal perspective of the issuer. In these fragments, the key element is found in the thesis (...).

Conative and Poetic Functions

The conative function occurs when the author... Continue reading "Intentionality in Journalistic Texts: A Detailed Analysis" »

1. Introducción

1.1 Transmitter, Receiver and Intention

1.1 Transmitter, receiver and intention.

1.2 Theme; Idea and Structure

1.2 Theme: idea Ser (copied); structure (deductive, inductive, circular, framed).

1.3 Registro lingüístico

1.3 Registro lingüístico: worship (por qué no: respeto o violación de las reglas del lenguaje), vulgar, slang o jargon, proverbial (proverbs and idioms), colloquial.

2. Analysis of Form

2.1 Features

Morphosyntactic features

• Adjectives: descriptive character; they try to convey feelings, originality and placement relative to the noun.
• Verb forms: aspectual nuances; variety of temporal planes; the specific value of each form; grammatical persons; the use of moods; periphrasis, etc.
• Impressionist juxtaposition value

Georges Méliès: Pioneer of Cinema

Man Orchestra: minute 57.92 seconds

Méliès uses cinematic techniques to create his own language. We observe the effect of duplication of a character as an imaginative resource. This is an effect used in horror or fantasy movies (Méliès was an admirer of illusionism).

A Trip to the Moon: A Sci-Fi Landmark

A Trip to the Moon: 6 minutes

Méliès' A Trip to the Moon is a precursor to science fiction films and a significant work. It's one of the first movies in history to use cutting techniques, sets, and special effects extensively. It tells a linear story that was long for its time.

The Power of Music: The Man in the Head

The Man in the Head: minute 3.40 seconds

Méliès used music (piano) in this film to enhance... Continue reading "Georges Méliès & Early Cinema Techniques: A Deep Dive" »

Cinquecento: High Renaissance Art and Architecture

The Cinquecento, or High Renaissance (16th century), saw a more rigorous application of classical orders. Artists and architects sought measure, balance, and proportion, reducing excessive decoration to highlight the purity of architectural elements. This period aimed for a grand and monumental art that resembled the Roman Empire.

Donato Bramante: Master of High Renaissance Architecture

Donato Bramante (1444-1514), a humanist and scholar of Greco-Roman ruins, showed a preference for simple structures. His works soberly reflected geometry, perspective, and classical style.

Notable Works by Bramante:

• San Pietro in Montorio
• Initial design for St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican

Michelangelo Buonarroti:

Lyric: Expression of Feelings

Language Carefully Prepared

Lyrical expression involves carefully prepared language, suggesting emotional rhythm. In verse poetry, this is not always narrative; it functions expressively with little thematic progress. It captures cries, desires, brevity, and intensity, portraying poetry as a mysterious inner experience, allowing one to feel alive and free.

Themes in Poetry

Love

Love is a universal feeling, often treated as contradictory, irrational, pleasurable, and painful. The fire serves as a symbol, evoking keywords like weeping, wound, pain, pleasure, living, and death.

Evolution of Love Themes

• Unrequited Love: Idealization of the lady, sometimes a married woman, leading to platonic (non-erotic) love. The absence

Garcilaso de la Vega

The Eclogues

The Eclogues are the most significant compositions of Garcilaso de la Vega. They are pastoral compositions, meaning that the lovers are shepherds who discuss their love in the ideal setting of the "locus amoenus."

Initially, the shepherds in the Eclogues talk of their love. Salicio's lover rejects him, and Nemoroso loses his beloved. Both suffer from love. Salicio and Nemoroso are literary transcripts, or alter egos, of Garcilaso de la Vega himself.

"Alter Ego"

An "alter ego" occurs when the poet experiences the character, usually of a personal nature.

Similarly, Galatea and Elisa are transcripts, or alter egos, of Isabel Freire.

• Galatea rejects Garcilaso, mirroring Isabel Freire's rejection.
• Elisa dies, reflecting

Postwar Spanish Novel: The 1950s

The 1950s marked a turn in the narrative, culminating in the Social Realism movement in Spain. Its features include:

• Open Structure: Breaking traditional schemes of space and time.
• Collective Protagonist: The heroes are a group of characters.
• Spanish Reality: Showing reality as it is.
• Renewal of Narrative Techniques: Showing the influence of foreign literature.

Trends in Social Realism

• Objectivism or Neorealism: The novelist aims for objectivity. The most prominent work is "El Jarama" by Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio.
• Critical Realism: The novelist seeks to stir the conscience and denounce social inequalities and injustices. Juan Goytisolo stands out here.

The 1960s: The Experimental Novel

In the 1960s, Spanish writers sought... Continue reading "Postwar Spanish Novel: Narrative Shifts of the 1950s and 1960s" »

Medical Technology Ophthalmology Specialty

About Jessica Castillo Díaz

Jessica Castillo Díaz
Assistant Professor, Valparaiso University and UTA since 2009. 2003–2009 Faculty, Medical Technology School, Universidad Andrés Bello. Medical Technologist in Ophthalmology, University of Chile. Post-degree in visual field. Studying for a Master in Teaching for Higher Education. Treasurer, Chilean Scientific Society of Ophthalmology Technologists; Scientific Director, SCCHTMO.

Research on tear film macromolecules, University of Chile, with two international publications.

Our History

In 1955 the creation of the Ophthalmology specialty at the School of Technical Laboring, National Health Service, was agreed upon, and teaching began in 1956. The main purpose... Continue reading "Ophthalmology Medical Technology Specialty — Jessica Castillo Díaz" »

The Essence of Poetry

Poetry is a literary genre where authors express inner states, feelings, and ideas through the artful use of sounds and words, typically arranged in verse. It is primarily distinguished from prose by its unique poetic characteristics, including its structure, rhythm, and use of figurative language.

Elements of Poetic Structure

The structure and composition of poetry are governed by specific rules, often referred to as the laws of metrics. These rules dictate how verses and stanzas are formed.

Meter

Meter refers to the number of syllables a verse contains, establishing a rhythmic pattern.

Rhyme

Rhyme is the total or partial repetition of sounds at the end of verses, starting from the last stressed vowel.

Rhythm

Rhythm in poetry... Continue reading "Understanding Poetry: Elements, Meter, and Figures of Speech" »