Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Equestrian Monuments of Louis XIII and Louis XIV

The arches were constructed for the first time, defining two important sides (or wings), known as the King's Wing and the Queen's Wing. These spaces were used for various events, including public spectacles and criminal executions.

In the center stood an equestrian statue representing King Louis XIII on horseback. This statue had previously utilized the base of an equestrian statue of Henry II, made earlier by the Italian painter, sculptor, and architect Volterra (it was repurposed).

In 1690, in Paris, another equestrian statue, this time of Louis XIV by Gilardonde, was placed in the plaza. Previously, the work had been commissioned to Bernini, but the latter's design was considered too theatrical,... Continue reading "Baroque Equestrian Sculpture: Mochi's Farnese and Tacca's Philip IV" »

Journalistic Genres and Narrative Forms

The Chronicle

The Chronicle is narrative journalism that informs about current events (politics, sports, society, etc.) and includes elements of analysis or performance evaluation. This style of reporting creates a certain familiarity between the reporter and the reader.

The Report

This genre is a journalistic form that provides extensive information about events not strictly witnessed firsthand, offering views of some participants and deepening the subject matter.

Fundamentals of Sentence Structure and Syntax

The Simple Sentence

A simple sentence is formed of a single subject and a predicate (i.e., one verb).

The Compound Sentence

A compound sentence comprises more than one verb and, therefore, has more than... Continue reading "Foundational Principles of Communication and Literary Arts" »

Mass Media: Channels of Information Transmission

Mass media channels transmit information of general interest to the public.

Primary Media Channels

• Radio: Auditory means (spoken word, music).
• Television (TV): Audiovisual medium, often incorporating written language and high-fidelity sound.
• Internet: The most recent medium, transmitting written, graphic, and multimedia information.
• Graphic Media (Print): Uses writing and illustrations (e.g., newspapers, magazines).

Key Characteristics and Functions of Media

Essential Media Characteristics

• Immediacy: Providing information in real-time, focusing on current events.
• Universality: Collecting and disseminating worldwide news.
• Diversity: Nearly any subject can become the object of media coverage.

Primary Media

The House of Bernarda Alba:
Biography: Federico García Lorca was born in Granada in 1898. He lived in Madrid and met Dalí, Alberti, and others. He traveled to the U.S. and Cuba, and upon his return to Spain, the Civil War broke out. Due to his position and his anti-fascist Republican trend, he was shot in 1936. His literature is inherited from the Generation of '98. For Lorca, theater was a way to educate the people, a didactic goal.
His Works: Among his plays are: Blood Wedding, Trip to the Moon, and more.
Comment Text: We are faced with an excerpt from his book The House of Bernarda Alba, published in 1936 but not released in Spain until after the Franco dictatorship. In this work, considered by critics as the fundamental work of Lorca, the

Early Cinema History and Film Concepts

Early Motion Capture and Art?

Rupestrian paintings and shadow puppets.

Magic Lantern Inventor and Year?

Athanasius Kircher in 1640.

Science of Motion Decomposition?

Chronophotography.

What is Retinal Persistence?

It is the phenomenon by which the brain retains an image for a few tenths of a second after its disappearance. By joining several pictures successively, one can perceive movement.

1895 Support for Linking Images?

Celluloid film.

Appliance Preceding Motion Pictures?

Magic lantern.

Edison's Patented Vision Device?

Kinetoscope.

Film Inventors and Year?

The brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière in 1895.

Lumière Brothers Films?

• Workers Leaving the Factory
• The Arrival of a Train

Lumière Operator in Spain?

Eugène Promio.... Continue reading "Film History and Core Concepts Explained" »

Late Baroque Spanish (Churrigueresque) and its Influence in Latin America

From the mid-seventeenth century, an art movement began that favored broken ornaments, increasing the simplicity of the previous stage. It increased the ornamentation on the exterior with sculpture in the round and reliefs, and plant columns. The dramatic and theatrical effect was achieved by concealing the structures with decorative extravagance.

The term Churrigueresque characterized these decorative and ornate Baroque styles, which had a huge success in Latin American architecture. Family workshops and renowned architects took on great prominence.

Main Sites:

Madrid:

Architect Pedro Ribera (Toledo Bridge). His work affects the exterior decoration, which is dynamic, original,... Continue reading "Churrigueresque: Late Baroque Art in Spain and Latin America" »

Carracci's Artistic Relationships and Style (1580-87)

In 1580-81, Carracci collaborated closely with his brother Augustine, maintaining a strong relationship. Carracci's figures echo those used by Caravaggio in Saint Matthew (a motif previously employed by Tintoretto in San Marcos).

Barocci's Influence

According to Pérez Sánchez, Barocci's Virgin of the Popolo (1575-1580, Uffizi) features a character in shadows, dressed in the fashion of Philip II's time, possibly a portrait of a patron. Barocci's work is characterized by a misty, soft style. He is considered a much sweeter painter. Correggio's influence is evident in the faces of the Virgin.

Correggio: Another Worship is not just a depiction of worship but a sacred conversation with the apostles... Continue reading "Carracci and Correggio: Influence and Artistic Style" »

Josep Maria Bonet and the Audiovisual World

Josep Maria Bonet is a playwright, screenwriter, and one of the most decisive contemporary dramatic fiction writers in Catalonia. His early works are realistic and express audiovisual conflicts. Later, he incorporates universal problems using theatrical techniques of estrangement. He has written works such as the trilogy of "Drudània" and "Berenàveu in the dark," which are realistic in nature, and works of great complexity and richness of language such as "The Disappearance of Wendy," showing the myth of Peter Pan, and "Revolt of Witches." He has also successfully cultivated youth and children's theater. Bonet has continued to run and produce representative plays. Since the appearance of Catalonia... Continue reading "Josep Maria Bonet, Joan Francesc Mira, and Joan Fuster: A Literary Analysis" »

Understanding Newspaper Structure & Content

Key Sections of a Newspaper

• International Politics: Political events occurring abroad.
• National Policy: Current political affairs.
• Economy: Concerns the world of national and international economics.
• Culture: Includes national and international events (theater, cinema, music, etc.).
• Labor & Education: Work-related issues nationwide.
• Events: Information on accidents and offenses.
• Local: Information pertaining to the specific locality.
• Sports: Comprehensive sports information.
• Academic & Educational News: Insights into the broader world of education.
• Science: Information on research and scientific issues.
• Religion: News and features related to different religious communities.
• Society: Human interest