Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Realism in International Relations

Realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations theory, theoretically formalizing the Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. Although a highly diverse body of thought, it is unified by the belief that world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors pursuing power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism.

Realists can be divided into three classes based on their view of the essential causes of interstate conflict:

• Classical realists believe it follows from human nature;
• Neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system;
• Neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with

Essential History Terminology

This document defines key terms used in the study of history.

Core Concepts

• Provenance: Origin of the source.
• Orthodox: Established/understood interpretation of events.
• Revisionist: Questions orthodox view and looks for a revised interpretation.
• Anachronistic: An approach that judges a culture or event using standards that didn't apply to them.
• Hindsight: Treats historical events as inevitable; a deterministic approach.
• Sacrosanct: A point of view considered proven and above debate and criticism.
• Iconoclastic: A revisionist approach which challenges orthodox, sacrosanct interpretations (e.g., A.J.P. Taylor's view on Hitler and WW2).
• Deterministic: Individuals have little influence on the outcome of events.
• Nihilistic: Random

Introduction

In the early 2000s, the mantra of the television future was"whatever show you want, whenever you want, on whatever screen you want" However, the predicted death of television never came to pass. Instead, the industry has undergone a profound transformation, driven by new technologies and changing consumer habits.

The Rise of Digital Video

The advent of digital video recorders (DVRs) and streaming services has given viewers more control over their viewing experience. They can now circumvent scheduling constraints and commercials, and watch their favorite shows on demand.

The Fragmentation of Audiences

As a result of these changes, television has become increasingly individualized. Viewers are no longer bound to the same schedules and... Continue reading "The Evolution of Television: From Mass Medium to Fragmented Audiences" »

Representations of Social Groups in Media

Constructing Meaning Through Visual and Technical Codes

Representations in media involve how producers portray social groups using visual and technical codes. These codes reveal the producer's intended ideology. Stuart Hall suggests that representations are formed through the repetition and remixing of media trends. Ethnic representation, in particular, manifests diversely in media, influenced by social, cultural, and historical contexts. This essay explores how producers represent ethnic minorities in Beyoncé's 2016 music video "Formation" and the 2017 Guinness television advertisement "Compton Cowboys," highlighting the contrasting ideologies presented.

Beyoncé's "Formation": Subverting the "Black"

Understanding Aestheticism: Origins and Core Message

The term "Aestheticism" derives from the Greek word aisthesis, meaning "perception through the senses." This focus on sensory experience was also central to Romantic culture. Indeed, the movement has its roots in Romanticism, but it also signifies a distinct turn. Now, the artist, or more specifically the aesthete, must not only feel sensations but actively live them in their own life. The core message of Aestheticism is often summarized as "Living for beauty!"

The Aesthete and the Poète Maudit: Rebels Against Society

The figure of the aesthete presents some correspondences with the French figure of the "poète maudit" (cursed poet), who rejects all societal values and conventions. The poète... Continue reading "Aestheticism: Art for Art's Sake, Rebellion, and Dandyism" »

The Theatre of the Absurd: Characteristics and Influences

The Theatre of the Absurd is characterized by an essential absence of a consistent plot. Little happens in these plays, and what does occur often makes no sense whatsoever. There is a notable lack of progress and resolution. Furthermore, these plays typically feature minimal characterization, offering no real description of the characters.

Innovative Styles and Comic Elements

Absurdist Theatre is also composed of an innovative combination of previous styles. A significant comic side is present in these plays, with much of their inspiration coming from silent film and comedy. Characters often resemble Charlie Chaplin in their clownish behavior. Depending on the production, the play might... Continue reading "Understanding Absurdist Theatre and Animal Farm's Allegory" »

Areas of Study

• Hard science
• Financial
• Health
• Humanities

Megatrends

Megatrends are large, social, economic, political, environmental, or technological changes that form slowly. Once in place, they influence a wide range of activities, processes, and perceptions in government and society, possibly for decades. They are the underlying forces that drive trends.

Professions

1. Profession: a vocation requiring knowledge of some department of learning or science.
2. Career: an occupation or profession, especially one requiring special training, followed as one's lifework.
3. Vocation: a particular occupation, business, or profession.

8 Simple Steps to Good Decision-Making for Teens

1. Identify the problem you are facing.
2. Gather information and ask for advice.
3. Determine what

My Future Starts Now

What do you think your future self will thank you for?

Good morning, I’m here today to tell you about how your choices affect your future and have a big impact on the rest of your life.

Our future is decided by the everyday choices we make or choose not to make. If you don’t want to decide yourself, you let someone else decide for you or you just don’t make the decision, [ZW3] but you don’t know what would have happened if you had made the decision yourself or if you had made a different decision. In books, movies, and TV shows, people say that you can’t change the future, but just by making different choices, your future might look way different.

The Importance of Choices

are very important, we all make at least... Continue reading "The Impact of Choices on Your Future" »