Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

The Fan: More Than Just a Consumer

The term "fan," derived from "fanatic," carries connotations of excessive devotion. Media scholar Henry Jenkins challenges negative stereotypes of fans, arguing for their legitimate place within mass culture. In his book Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture (1992), Jenkins rejects common tropes, portraying fans as active participants rather than passive consumers.

Good Taste and Social Distinctions

Pierre Bourdieu's concept of "good taste" helps explain societal perceptions of fans. Notions of taste are not inherent but reflect dominant class interests, perpetuating social distinctions. However, fans disrupt this hierarchy by transforming from consumers into producers and manipulators... Continue reading "Fandoms: Active Producers in Media Culture" »

The Aesthetic Movement

The Aesthetic Movement developed in universities and intellectual circles during the late 19th century. Beginning in France with Gautier, it reflected artists' frustration and uncertainty, a reaction against bourgeois materialism and moral codes. French artists sought refuge in aesthetic isolation, embracing Gautier's concept of "Art for Art's Sake." The bohemian lifestyle, with its pursuit of sensation and excess, embodied this protest against monotony.

The Movement in England

American painter James Whistler, working in England, imported this doctrine. However, the roots of the English Aesthetic Movement can be traced to the Romantic poet Keats. Rossetti exemplified an artist wholly dedicated to art, as did Ruskin in his... Continue reading "The Aesthetic Movement and Decadence" »

Communicative Channels

Communicative channels include visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile modalities. The visual channel is often considered the most advantageous.

Auditory Channel

The auditory channel attempts to create an atmosphere with sounds and noises, such as pauses, suspense, music, jingles, and barrel organs.

Olfactory Channel

Olfaction refers to sensations perceived through the olfactory organ, such as perfume, smell, or scent. Adjectives applied to these sensations include keen and heavy.

Synesthesia and Intersensorial Transfer

Stephen Ullmann uses the term "intersensorial transfer" to refer to the combination of sensations, known as synesthesia. We can mix and combine different sensory modalities. Synesthesia is one of the most powerful... Continue reading "Sensory Communication and Descriptive Texts" »

Soviet Artistic Control: Enduring Restrictions (1917-1985)

Arguments and evidence suggesting that Soviet government restrictions on artistic and cultural expression remained largely unchanged from 1917 to 1985 warrant careful analysis. Key points supporting this perspective include:

• Under Lenin, art and culture were expected to serve the political, social, and economic objectives of the Soviet regime.
• For most of the Stalinist period, all artistic and cultural expression was expected to conform to Socialist Realism—conventional and idealized representations of life under socialism, serving as Soviet propaganda.
• Khrushchev, as leader of the USSR, also expected artists and writers to adhere to the government’s official line. For example, he banned

Linus Larrabee's Lack of Love in *Sabrina*: A Cinematic Analysis

Character Portrayal Through Focalization and Identification

This essay analyzes how the movie *Sabrina* (1954) represents Linus Larrabee (Humphrey Bogart) as the antithesis of love, focusing on focalization and identification. The analysis will center on a specific scene, dividing it into two parts for clarity.

Part 1: The Paris Misunderstanding

In the first part, Sabrina (Audrey Hepburn) and Linus converse, with Sabrina believing Linus is going to Paris. In reality, Sabrina is the one going, unbeknownst to her. The scene employs an external focalization, suggesting Linus is contemplating whether to join Sabrina in Paris or stay. A medium shot captures Linus, while Sabrina, though... Continue reading "Linus Larrabee's Lack of Love in Sabrina: A Cinematic Analysis" »

Divine Source: Human language is a gift from God. Language learning involves acquiring knowledge through formal instruction and conscious comprehension. Acquisition refers to non-conscious assimilation.

Natural Sound Source: Primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds that early men and women heard around them. Nature and animal sounds are the starting points of linguistic systems.

Social Interaction Source: Y0 - HE - HO (theory): Sound emerges after a physical effort. The development of human language occurs within a social context, highlighting the necessity to communicate with others.

Physical Adaptation Source: Human physical postures contribute to language. The vocal tract of gorillas and Neanderthals differs from that... Continue reading "Understanding the Origins and Features of Human Language" »

Do Schools Destroy Creativity?

1. Both of them feel some of the things they did were good, but not all.
2. Some clever students thought they were not good.
3. It was through her interest in the school theater.
4. She wanted a change in her career.
5. She started moving to the sound of music.
6. The number of kids who leave school between 9th and 12th grade.
7. Students should be given more standardized tests.
8. Good teachers who motivate the students' talents.

The Best Career Advice

1. Although he has quite a lot of gray hair.
2. Is based both on research and fiction.
3. It would have no literary interest.
4. Became an amateur geologist.
5. He remembers his father's words as encouragement.
6. It came after watching the Boston Marathon bombings.
7. To be able to capture the character's

Door Operation Types

• Single Side Hung
• Double Lead
• Sliding
• Swinging (Oscilante)
• Centre Folding (Cierre de casa, varias hojas)
• Folding (Solo dos hojas)
• Revolving
• Overhead Up-and-Over (Garage)

Parts of a Door

1. Frame
2. Leaf
3. Threshold
4. Connecting Jamb
5. Hinge
6. Lock/Hatch

Wooden Folding Frame

Pieza en C cuyos cubretapas miden 60mm de ancho y thickness 16 y cuyo engranaje permite zapar el partition desde 0 hasta +15 o -7mm. Hay que dejar entre el partition y la C 13mm de espacio para el tornillo del hinge.

Steel Frames

Por el lado del eje

1. Built-in (Masonry) Steel Frames

Corner Frame

Solo cubre el corner del partition.

Masonry Frame

Cubre todo el partition

Frame for Gypsumboard Partition

Tiene dos piezas metalicas que sobresalen del core del partition y se atornillan al frame que... Continue reading "Door Operation Types and Construction" »

Organizational Orientations and Structures

• Polycentric:
  • Our affiliates largely operate independently.
  • Host country-oriented.
  • We are loosely connected.
  • Polycentrism’s costs are largely related to coordination challenges.
• Ethnocentric:
  • We have a model that works everywhere.
  • Home country-oriented.
  • We are superior, more... (implies a sense of superiority).
• Geocentric:
  • Our affiliates bring their distinct qualities together.
  • World-oriented.
  • Our ultimate goal is a global integration.

Leadership and Management Styles

Boss vs. Leader

• Boss:
  • She has to be there for the daily business.
  • Provides stability and governance.
  • Manages by pushing people.
• Leader:
  • She can be away and everyone knows what to do.
  • Shows everyone by example how to achieve goals.
  • Opens the door to innovation.

Core Figures of Speech and Rhetorical Devices

Comparison and Representation

Simile

A stated comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as."

• Example: Her cheeks are red like a rose.

Metaphor

A figure of speech where an element represents both itself and another idea or concept, implying a direct comparison without using "like" or "as."

• Example: The curtain of night fell upon us.

Extended Metaphor

A comparison drawn out and sustained over several lines, stanzas, or an entire work.

• Example: Emily Dickinson's poem, "Hope Is the Thing With Feathers."

Dead Metaphor

A metaphor that has become so overused that it no longer evokes the original comparison, often being treated as a literal term.

• Example: Phrases that have lost their figurative