Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Chapter 2: Business & Operations Strategy

Question 18

Structural elements of a business include:

Correct Answer: D) computer systems.

Question 19

________ is an example of an infrastructural element.

Correct Answer: B) An organizational structure

Question 20

The firm's targeted customers, time frames, and performance objectives are identified by their:

Correct Answer: C) business strategy.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about functional strategy is BEST?

Correct Answer: C) Many functional-level strategies could readily be described as cross-functional.

Question 22

No one could turn around a failing restaurant as expertly as Gordon, whose experience and cadre of trained professionals was available at a moment's notice should his services

Orientalism in 19th-Century Art

Western Perceptions and Stereotypes

Orientalist art of the 19th century used realism and a picturistic style to legitimize Western concepts of the Orient. These techniques promoted negative stereotypes, associating the East with inferiority and barbarity. The worn aesthetic often depicted in these works reinforced negative stereotypes of Western culture as well. Furthermore, the realistic technique employed had a metaphoric function, promoting negative stereotypes of Western culture, often depicted as worn down or decadent.

These paintings also conveyed themes of male dominance and the sexual objectification of women, reinforcing existing power dynamics within a Puritan Western society. Such depictions shocked... Continue reading "Orientalism in 19th-Century Art: Stereotypes and Western Perceptions" »

Filmmaking

Key Concepts

• Frame: A single image of a movie.
• Film Editing: The process by which an editor compiles shots into scenes and a film.
• Montage: Combining shots into a rapid sequence to portray a single event through multiple views (e.g., Rocky).
• Shot: An uninterrupted run of a film camera; shots are compiled into scenes, then into movies.
• Cinematography: The art of photography and camerawork in filmmaking.

Technical Details

• Movies are primarily shot at 24 frames per second (24fps).

Influential Figures

• Walt Disney: Filmmaker who built an animation legacy, starting in Kansas City. His first and last animated movies before his death in 1966 were Snow White and The Jungle Book.
• Orson Welles: Director of Citizen Kane.

Animation

• Traditional (2D) Animation:

Establishment of American Literature

The creation of secure public value for literary works was crucial. In the 1850s, popular fiction written by women, such as Mrs. Southworth, Caroline Lee Hentz, and Mary Jane Holmes, saw unprecedented sales. These bestsellers succeeded because they spoke directly to the evolving world of women and family life, reflecting new middle-class norms of domestic propriety. They also helped organize domestic leisure into a marketable commodity. Two factors shaped this era: women's writing and a middle-class domestic audience. This crystallized the readership and reading habits that would define literary consumption in late 19th-century America. The rise of mass journalism (the "penny-press") in the 1840s, which published... Continue reading "American Literary Movements: From Domesticity to Southern Renaissance" »

Egalitarian

(noun) The doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political, economic, and social equality.

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution, laws, opposition, etc.).

Governors

Democracy

The political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives.

Assembly

• (noun) A group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit.
• (noun) The act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery).
• (noun) A public facility to meet for open discussion.
• (noun) A group of persons who are gathered together for a common purpose.

Matter

• (noun) A vaguely specified concern.
• (noun) Some situation or event that is thought

Vocabulary Listening True False

• 1. Up: The way 1. Tradition 1. True
• 2. Pro: Increase 2. Earning 2. False: The Indigenous are upset with Disney
• 3. Retain: Keep 3. Unfair 3. False: Deep and white people don't give a job in...
• 4. Ill: Unable 4. Were camp 4. True
• 5. Refer: Avid 5. Theme 1. There were...
• 6. Seize: Take 6. Had to lie 2. Appropriation
• 7. Cue: A hint 7. The athletes 3. Trying
• 8. Olympics were 4. Unrealistic

The Need for Native American Representation

Disney doesn't give roles to Indigenous people; for this reason, they should create an industry. Indigenous people should create organizations for their rights since Disney gives roles only to white people. The Indigenous should work with independent filmmakers due to the fact that Disney prefers... Continue reading "Disney and Native American Representation in Film" »

Religious Interpretations in Waiting for Godot

Does the play warrant a religious reading? Can Godot be considered a Christ figure or simply a religious figure? If so, what is implied by his failure to appear? What about Estragon's attempts to equate himself with Christ? Consider also the many biblical allusions throughout the play, such as the mention of Cain and Abel and the discussion of the story of the two thieves.

Beckett's apparent wariness of religion (or perhaps because he wishes to make folly of it), the question of faith appears frequently in Waiting for Godot. Most obviously, the metaphor stems from the eternal waiting that the Christian faces in his belief that Christ will return but at an unknown time. The play first addresses this... Continue reading "Faith, Action, and Repetition in Waiting for Godot" »

Art Vocabulary

• Art dealer / Comerciant d'art
• Painting / Pintura
• Renaissance / Renaixença
• Exhibition / Exposició
• Postmodernism / Postmodernisme
• Sculptor / Escultor
• Masterpiece / Obra mestre
• Prehistoric / Prehistòric
• Surrealism / Surrealisme
• Canvas / Llenç
• Frame / Marc
• Portrait / Retrat
• Easel / Cavallet
• Landscape / Paisatge
• Two-dimensional / Bidimensional
• Bronze / Bronze
• Marble / Marbre
• Background / Fons
• Center of interest / Centre d'interès
• Composition / Composició
• Foreground / Primer pla
• Mood / Disposició
• Perspective / Perspectiva
• Technique / Tècnica

Relationships

• Acquaintance / Conegut
• Extrovert / Extrovertit
• Pal / Camarada
• Ally / Aliat
• Follower / Seguidor
• Participant / Participant
• Bystander / Espectador
• Introvert / Introvertit
• Party Animal / Juerguista
• Classmate /

Postmodernism in Literature

Defining Postmodernism

Postmodernism is widely discussed in contemporary culture. Umberto Eco suggests that it represents an acceptance of the new and striking elements of modern society. Postmodernism is intricately linked to modernism, as outlined below:

• It can be seen as a continuation or expansion of modernist techniques.
• It also represents a break from modernism, rejecting the elitism often associated with it.
• Postmodern elements can be identified in earlier texts, suggesting that postmodernism offers a new way of rereading history and literature.

Brian McHale, in his book Postmodernist Fiction (1987, page 5), states: "postmodernism follows from modernism, in some sense, more than it follows after modernism."

Key Features

Heineken and Moritz: Communication Mix

This section details the diverse communication strategies employed by Moritz and Heineken to engage their audiences.

Moritz's Communication Strategy

• Sports Events Sponsorship: Active participation in sports events in Barcelona (football, athletics, cycling) through sponsorship.
• Cultural Platforms & Fairs: Links with cultural platforms and musical events, including sponsored public relations actions at trade fairs.
• Trade Fair Assistance: Providing assistance at trade fairs, such as food tasting events in Barcelona, serving as a public relations tool.
• Website: Utilized as a non-conventional, below-the-line advertising tool.
• Street & Car Animation: Unconventional, below-the-line advertising through street