World War I: A Comprehensive Overview of the Great War

World War I: The Great War

Causes and Outbreak

World War I, known as the Great War in Britain, erupted in 1914 as a result of pre-existing alliances. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo triggered a chain of events. Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia, prompting Russia to mobilize in Serbia's defense. Germany, in turn, declared war on Russia and France. Britain, bound by treaty to France, joined the conflict.

First Phase (June 1914)

Despite declaring war on Germany, France and Britain initially refrained from attacking. Germany seized the initiative, executing the Schlieffen Plan. They invaded Belgium, intending to bypass French defenses and capture Paris.

Second Phase (Early 1916 - End 1917)

The war entered a phase of trench warfare, characterized by the Battle of the Somme, one of the bloodiest battles in history. Both sides dug extensive trenches, leading to a stalemate. Germany implemented a maritime blockade using submarines to disrupt British supply lines.

Third Phase (End 1917 - End of War)

The United States entered the war in 1917, providing supplies to Britain and France. Germany's submarine campaign angered American traders and businesses, contributing to the US decision to join the conflict.

Russia, weakened by internal turmoil and military setbacks, withdrew from the war in 1918, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia further destabilized the Eastern Front.

Conclusion

World War I ended in 1918 with the armistice between Germany and the Allies. The war had a profound impact on the world, leading to the collapse of empires, the rise of new nations, and the emergence of new political ideologies.