Water Distribution Network Design and Hydraulics

Water Distribution Network Fundamentals

The Water Distribution Network aims to supply drinking water service to various intended points for development and building construction. A key difference exists between the installation of the irrigation network and the domestic consumption network.

Consumption Factors and Pressure

Another consumption factor to consider is the pressure required to move the water. This pressure, which is supplied by pumps or mechanisms like height differences between the reservoir and the distribution point, is crucial (the irrigation network operates separately from the main water distribution network).

It is important to know the size of the building. Other essential features of the facility include flexibility (achieved via valves). Another factor is the water velocity upon expiry, which is a function of diameter, pressure, etc., as high speeds can cause wear and noise.

Load Loss Calculation

Load Loss depends on frictional force and pipe material. Friction loss is lower in straight pipe sections compared to curved sections. Each material possesses its own resistance to friction (rozamiento).

The water distribution network typically runs along sidewalks, requiring careful coordination and path adjustments with other utility networks situated beneath the sidewalk.

Network Planning and Design Parameters

Initial Scheme and Final Plan

First, we create a scheme for calculating network parameters. Subsequently, the final work plan is developed, including all fixtures. Each point must be established using two routes to design different networks. The networks must create polygons such that:

• The maximum size served does not exceed 1,500 inhabitants.
• The extension does not exceed 5 hectares.
• Pipes must maintain a minimum separation (from other networks) of 100mm diameter, and 180mm in industrial areas.

The installation for fire suppression and irrigation networks must be separate from the potable water supply.

Stopcocks and Isolation

Stopcocks: Boxes containing shut-off valves must have a required sink. Distances to other facilities must be maintained, especially when running over sewage lines.

The Installation Scheme

System Layout Selection

With the plans, we draw the system, typically using a Grid or Tree layout, although the detailed spreadsheet calculation is done separately. For dimensioning, we use tables and schematics, which may differ from the final layout used. After all calculations, the scheme to be used is the Meshed (Mallasa) type. While this scheme is ultimately used, it is complex because dividing the calculation results in numerous calculations when compared to the tree structure.

Design Standards Compliance

Regarding sanitation, the layout is not shown in true scale but uses a legend with symbols as per NTE standards (though compliance is not mandatory).

Meshed Network Requirements

The distribution network must be meshed as much as possible so that every point can be supplied via at least two different routes. The network must be designed to create polygons such that:

• The maximum size served does not exceed 1,500 inhabitants.
• The fire extinction area does not exceed 5 hectares.

Connections must be located a minimum distance of 100mm from other networks in general areas and 150mm in industrial zones. The irrigation and fire networks must remain distinct from the potable water network.