Vocabulary and Grammar Summary: Units 1-6

Vocabulary

Unit 1: Senses and Suffixes

Hearing: faint, crunchy, deafening, silent.
Sight: blinding, bright, dark.
Smell: fragrant, stinky.
Taste: rich, spicy, sweet.
Touch: hard, soft, rough, slimy, smooth.

Noun Suffixes: -ic, -less, -al, -y, -ous, -ful, -ation, -ance, -ence, -ment.
Verb Suffixes: -ant, -ent, -ive, -able.

Unit 2: Language and Culture

International, religious, local, traditional, multicultural, secular.

Phrasal Verbs: Join in, put on, set off, hand out, dress up, come together, put up, take off, pack out.

Common language, not native speakers, dominant language, writing system, mass media, local dialects, strange accents, local languages, cultural identity, literary works, native speakers, language skills, second language, global language, mother tongues.

Unit 3: Crime and Justice

Crimes: Arson, Assault, Blackmail, Burglary, Fraud, Hijacking, Hooliganism, Kidnapping, Mugging, Murder, Robbery, Shoplifting, Smuggling, Terrorism, Theft, Vandalism.

Legal Terms: Appeal, Bail, Barrister, Caution, Cell, Community service, Court case, Court, Death penalty, Defense, Defendant, Fine, Jail, Guilty, Imprisonment, Innocent, Judge, Jury, Justice, Lawsuit, Lawyer, Offence, Sentence, Plead, Prison, Probation, Prosecution, Punishment (Capital, Corporal), Remand home, Solicitor, Trial, Verdict, Witness.

Verbs: Arrest, Ban, Break in, Break out, Break the law, Burgle, Charge with a crime, Commit, Escape, Get away with, Hold, Investigate.

Other: Alibi, Armed, Burgle, Car alarm, Alarm, Legal, Illegal, Store detective, Private detective, Weapon, Robber, Thief, Stealer, Barrister, Solicitor, Shoplifter, Burglar, Mugger.

Unit 4: Fashion

Brand new, comfortable, designer, high street, on-trend, practical, retro, second-hand, unique, vintage.

Phrases: Look good, Make a good impression, make a statement, dress to impress, dressed well.

Clothing Items: Flip-flops, tracksuit bottoms/leggings, hoodie, bathrobe, beanie, trainers/flats, sunglasses, duffle coat, suit, clothes hangers.

Fashion Terms: Must-have, garment, trend, accessory, classic, dress code, outfit, gear, cast-offs.

Unit 5: Values and Phrasal Verbs

Values: Bravery, compassion, fairness, generosity, honesty, loyalty, self-reliance.

Phrasal Verbs: Turn up, put up, gets on, give up, rip off, carried out, come across, breaks into, run over, pull over, take out, give back.

Prefixes: il-, im-, ir-, un-, in-, dis-

Unit 6: Food

Preparation: Baked, Free-range, fresh, home-made, low-fat, raw, seasonal, vegetarian, boiled, grilled, roasted, fattening, fried.

Description: National, bland, tasty, spicy, edible, appetizing, tender, delicious, tough, revolting, hard, tasteless.

Grammar

Modals

Ability and Permission: can (poder), could (podría), be able to (ser capaz de), may (ser possible), be allowed to (permitir).

Advice, Possibility, Obligation, and Prohibition: must, have to (obligation), needn't, don't have to (absence of obligation), need to (obligation), may, might, could (present, future possibility), mustn't (prohibition), ought to, should (advice, recommendation).

Modal Perfects: modals + have + past participle

Passive Voice

Present Simple: make - is made
Present Continuous: is making - is being made
Present Perfect: has made - has been made
Past Simple: made - was made
Past Continuous: was making - was being made
Past Perfect: had made - had been made
Future Simple: will make - will be made
Future Continuous: will be making - will be being made
Future Perfect: will have made - will have been made
Be Going To: is going to make - is going to be made
Modal: might make - might be made

Causative

have/get (any tense) + object + past participle

Conditional

1st Conditional (Possibility/Future): If + present simple, will + infinitive
2nd Conditional (Hypothetical/Present): If + past simple, would + infinitive
3rd Conditional (Hypothetical/Past): If + past perfect, would have + past participle

Reported Speech

Present Simple - Past Simple
Present Continuous - Past Continuous
Past Simple - Past Perfect
Present Perfect - Past Perfect
Will - Would
Can - Could
Must - Had to