Understanding Wave Physics: Types, Properties, and Phenomena

Waves transfer energy without mass transfer.
Mechanical waves such as sound or waves on a string require a medium for the propagation, electromagnetic waves like light and radio, not require a medium to spread.
In transverse waves, particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In a longitudinal wave the particles move parallel to the direction of the wave. On the surface waves, the particles move both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of wave movement.
The wave frequency f, is the number of vibrations per second from any point on a wave. The wave period is the time interval between successive peaks or valleys.
The shortest distance between points where the same pattern is repeated wave is called wavelengthë.
The speed of a wave, the distance the wave propagates in a unit time can be calculated from the equation v = EF.
The wave amplitude represents the maximum displacement from the position of rest or equilibrium. The energy transferred by a wave is proportional to the square of the amplitude.
The principle of superposition states that the displacement of half due to the presence of two or more waves is the algebraic sum of the displacement caused by individual waves.
The result of the superposition of two or more waves in a medium is called interference. The interference does not affect the individual waves.
The maximum destructive interference produces a node where there is no displacement of the medium. Maximum constructive interference provides a antitodo, a location of maximum displacement.

The nodes and antinodes in a standing wave is stationary.
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. The waves are reflected at a barrier with the same angle at which impacted on her.
The change of direction of waves at the border between two different media is called refraction.
The deformation of the waves around the edge of a barrier called diffraction.

SOUNDS

The observed differences in the sounds are due to three characteristics: intensity, height and timbre.
The intensity of sound depends on the amplitude of the wave.The amplitude is higher in the sound + strong.
The height or pitch of a sound depends on the frequency of the wave. So much so that the higher the frequency of vibration, the sound is sharper.
The feature that allows the ear to recognize the same sound produced by different instruments, it is called ringer.
The bell is a mixture of vibrations for the fundamental tone and the different harmonics with different amplitude produce emission sources or sound generators.
Doppler effect is the change in wavelength of any wave emitted or received by a moving object. The pitch of a sound emitted by a source who is close to the observer is more acute if the source moves away.