Understanding Tourism Systems: Demand, Supply, and Influencing Factors

Understanding Tourism Systems

Elements of Leiper's Tourism System

Tourist: The human element, individuals on tourist trips.

Traveler Generating Region (TGR): The origin of tourist trips, where they begin and typically end.

Tourism Destination Region (TDR): The location where tourists engage in their main visiting activities.

Transit Routes: The paths tourists take between TGR and TDR, where their main traveling activity occurs.

Tourism Industry: A collection of organizations providing tourism-related services.

Tourism Demand

Three Major Concepts:

1. Effective Demand: The actual number of people participating in tourism.
2. Suppressed Demand: Individuals who desire to travel but are unable to due to various constraints.
3. No Demand: Those with no interest in traveling.

Factors Influencing Tourism Demand:

• Promotional Efforts: Marketing and advertising initiatives by destinations.
• Health, Safety, and Security: Concerns related to wars, diseases, terrorism, and political instability.
• Time and Cost: Travel duration and expenses associated with trips.
• Seasonal Variations: Climate and weather patterns influencing travel preferences.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Tourism:

Maslow's hierarchy suggests that individuals prioritize needs in a specific order, influencing travel motivations:

1. Physiological Needs: Basic survival requirements like food and shelter.
2. Safety Needs: Security, stability, and well-being.
3. Love and Belonging: Social connections and a sense of community.
4. Esteem: Recognition, respect, and achievement.
5. Self-Actualization: Personal growth and fulfillment.

Push and Pull Factors:

Push Factors: Internal motivations that drive the desire to travel.

Pull Factors: External attractions that influence destination choice.

Additional Demand Determinants:

• Energizers: Forces that initiate the desire to visit a specific attraction.
• Effectors: Information shaping perceptions of a destination.
• Filterers: Constraints and opportunities affecting travel decisions.
• Roles and Decision-Making: The influence of family members on travel choices.

Tourism Supply

Three Determinants:

1. Public Sector: Government entities providing infrastructure and services.
2. Private Sector: Businesses driven by profit motives.
3. Voluntary and Non-Profit Sector: Organizations focused on conservation and community development.