Understanding the State: Power, Territory, and People

Introductory Elements

• The state is the political organization of society. Power, the center of politics, is a key element of the state. The existence of power relations doesn't inherently define power itself.
• The state's core components are power, territory, and citizens.

Power

Power, in its exercise, is often wielded based on personal interests and convictions, leading to confusion between individuals and institutions. It's an individual's capacity to act or refrain from acting. Absolute power occurs when an individual's will is enforced without opposition.

"Power is the ability to exercise one's will, supported by resources, resulting in its enforceability." State power involves imposition and institutionalized force, implying coercion and a deliberate use of force.

Power enables the imposition of will without room for objection. It operates as a centripetal force, drawing power towards a center. The state requires governance for social peace and political stability.

The state arises from the need for collective action. Its ultimate goal is the common good, achieved by establishing conditions for material and spiritual development.

Constituent Elements of Power

1. Power belongs to the state, and the government exercises it.
2. Power cannot exist without force.
3. Entities are governed not only by the government; sovereignty requires power.

Territory

Territory is the spatial area where the state exercises its jurisdiction and sovereignty. It implies borders that define the space where state sovereignty is exercised and recognized by other states.

People

Population

Population is a statistical measure of the number of people inhabiting a given territory.

Nation

A nation is a group of people sharing a common past, history, customs, language, and communication system. These shared bonds unite individuals. Citizens are individuals within a nation who hold rights and responsibilities.

Termination of the State

The common good encompasses the conditions that allow every member of society (state) to achieve personal and collective fulfillment. The state's role is to provide these conditions, enabling societal progress. Individual fulfillment refers to personal growth, while collective fulfillment pertains to group achievements within society. The state acts as an organizational framework, providing stability and a foundation for individuals to pursue their life goals.