Understanding Socialism, Civil Society, and the State

Socialist traditions aim to establish equality of material conditions. Socialists are especially concerned with freedom and believe responsibility lies in controlling the market. A market and individual freedom should align with actual conditions, addressing the absence of equality and the need for market intervention.

The goal of socialism involves controlling goods, means of economic production, and distribution. Property rights should be the responsibility of society and administered for the benefit of all. The State, therefore, should not be merely a guarantor of freedom but a representative of collective interests.

Social and Democratic State of Law

The social and democratic state of law, as seen in Spanish law, values freedom, justice, social equality, and political pluralism. The democratic state guarantees the economic, social, and cultural rights of citizens. Sovereignty resides in the people and forms the basis of all public authorities.

In this state, people and institutions adhere to the Constitution, respecting its fundamental aspects. Combining these aspects is crucial for progress, promoting the legitimacy of democracy, social welfare, and protection. All citizens must commit to fulfilling these principles.

Civil Society's Role

Civil society, within new market mechanisms, is not solely directed or bureaucratized by the state. It encompasses various companies and networks, including family, friends, and religious groups. A distinctive element is avoiding state coercion, fostering a common project of love and a non-binding political vision.

John Keane distinguishes the social dimension of the state from civil society. Jurgen Habermas separates the economic power from state power. Civil society is a collaborative space, free from state coercion and economic interests, guided by solidarity.

Relationship Between State and Civil Society

The relationship between state and civil society should be defined by:

• The legitimacy of civil society.
• Control of state political power.
• Reminding the state of civil power's purpose.
• Promoting independent, non-public areas of the State.
• Ensuring civil society is autonomous.
• Enabling civil society to express public opinion.
• Civil society assuming responsibilities to solve problems.

All of this relies on strengthening civil society with ethics of solidarity and responsibility as its foundation.