Understanding Power Sharing and Employment Generation Strategies in Government

Understanding Power Sharing

Horizontal Distribution of Power

Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. This is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.

Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others, resulting in a balance of power among various institutions. For example, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of the executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

Vertical Division of Power

Power can also be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country (federal government) and governments at the provincial or regional level (state governments). In India, we refer to the general government as the Central or Union Government and the provincial governments as State Governments. This is called federal division of power.

The same principle can be extended to levels of government lower than the State government, such as the municipality and panchayat. Division of powers involving higher and lower levels of government is called vertical division of power.

Employment Generation Strategies

The government can implement various strategies to generate employment opportunities:

1. Investing in Agriculture: The government or banks can provide loans to improve cultivation methods and absorb surplus workers in new areas. Construction of canals and dams can improve agricultural activities and create more employment opportunities.
2. Improving Infrastructure: Investing in transportation and storage of crops or building better rural roads helps farmers sell their crops in towns and creates more job opportunities.
3. Promoting Rural Industries: Identifying, promoting, and locating industries in semi-rural areas can employ a large number of people.
4. Investing in Education: Ensuring all children attend school requires more buildings, teachers, and other staff, creating job opportunities.
5. Developing Tourism: Promoting tourism can create additional employment opportunities.
6. Improving Healthcare: Enhancing health facilities can provide a large number of employment opportunities.