Understanding Personal Data Protection and Material Properties

Law 15/1999 and Law 34/2002

Law 15/1999 of December 13, Protection of Personal Data, and Law 34/2002 of July 11, concerning services of the information society and e-mail.

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Understanding Forces

Definition of Strength

Strength is an action capable of producing or modifying the state of rest or motion of a body or producing deformations. The unit of force in the International System of Measurement is the Newton (N).

Measuring Forces

To measure forces, we use dynamometers.

Mechanical Properties of Materials

The mechanical properties are those that determine the behavior of materials when one or more forces act upon them.

• Resistance: The ability of a material to resist forces without deforming excessively or breaking (e.g., glass, metals, steel, wood, and plastic).
• Tenacity: The property of some materials to withstand forces repeatedly without breaking (opposite of tenacious is fragile).
• Elasticity: The property of a material to recover its original shape after being deformed by an effort (e.g., rubber).
• Plasticity: The ability of a material to deform permanently without breaking.
• Ductility: The property of some materials to deform permanently into a thin wire without breaking.
• Malleability: The ability of a material to be shaped into thin sheets without breaking.
• Hardness: The property that indicates a material's resistance to being scratched or penetrated (e.g., glass).
• Vinculum: The tendency to undergo deformation under compression when the bodies are long and thin.

Architectural Concepts

Structure

The structure is the set of states that includes the basic function of supporting forces, such as metal, concrete, sheet, or carcass. It holds the triangle shape.

Plans

Plans are the graphical representation of all parts that form an architectural work or building.

Binders

Binders are materials in powder form that, when mixed with water, acquire plasticity and eventually become consistent.

Conglomerates

Conglomerates are created by mixing a binder with sand or gravel. After adding water, they acquire plasticity, allowing them to take various forms and then become resistant.

Building Structures

The structure supports all efforts aimed at building the foundations and transmits them to offset the loads.

Coverings

Coverings are horizontally separated from the building's exterior function. They protect habitats from rain, snow, and moisture penetration.

Closings

Closings are formed by walls that serve to isolate and separate different rooms from each other or from the outside.