Understanding the OSI Model: 7 Layers of Network Communication
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OSI Model Essentials
The OSI model, developed by ISO, standardizes protocols dominated by TCP/IP and is crucial for network designers. It comprises seven layers for sending commands:
Application Layer
Provides user access to the OSI environment and distributed information services.
Presentation Layer
Ensures application processes are independent of data representation differences.
Session Layer
Manages communication between applications, establishing, managing, and closing connections.
Transport Layer
Ensures secure, transparent data transfer between points, including error recovery and flow control.
Network Layer
Manages switching and transmission techniques, establishing, maintaining, and closing connections at the hardware level.
Data Link Layer
Provides secure data transfer through the physical environment, handling synchronization, error, and flow control.
Physical Layer
Transmits unstructured bit strings over the physical medium, managing mechanical, electrical, and functional procedures.