Understanding Networking: Cables, Protocols, and Topologies
Classified in Computers
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NETWORKING
1- Characteristics of Electronic Cables
Impedance, attenuation, and capacitance are crucial in electronic cables.
Impedance:
Resistance to electron movement in an AC circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).
Attenuation:
Resistance to electron flow, measured in db/m.
Capacitance:
Energy storage in a cable, measured in picofarads (pF).
2- Physical Description of Cables
Twisted Pair: Protects against crosstalk and noise.
Coaxial Cable: Consists of copper conductor, plastic insulation, and shielding.
Fiber-Optic Cable: Core, cladding, buffer, strengthening material, and outer jacket.
3- UTP vs. STP
Shielding reduces electrical noise in STP but makes installation complex.
4- Crimping RJ-45 UTP Cables
Creates straight-through and crossover cables for connecting similar devices.
5- Single-mode vs. Multimode Fiber-Optic Cable
Single-mode allows one path, while multimode allows multiple paths for light rays.
6- Types of Networks by Size
LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN, CAN with examples.
7- Simplex, Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex
Transmission capabilities explained.
8- Data Transmission in Networks
Technical description of a packet.
9- OSI Model
Seven layers and their functions.
10- Application Protocols in TCP/IP
SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS.
11- TCP vs. UDP
Comparison of transport protocols.
12- Internet Protocols
ARP, RARP, ICMP, IGMP.
13- IP vs. MAC Addresses
Role and format differences.
14- Pinging an IP Address
Testing network device reachability.
15- Subnet Mask Classes
Comparison of classes A, B, and C.
16- TCP 3-Way Handshake
Establishing a TCP connection.
17- Network Topologies
Bus, star, ring, mesh.
18- Ethernet Communication
CSMA/CD standard explained.
19- Token Ring Communication
CSMA/CD logic in Token Ring networks.
20- Switch Functions
Learning, flooding, filtering, forwarding, aging.
21- Static vs. Dynamic Routing
Comparison of routing methods.
22- Wireless Data Transmission
Infrared vs. radio-frequency.
23- Wireless Network Terms
Extension point, dead spot, roaming.
24- CSMA/CA in Wireless Networks
Carrier sensing in wireless communication.
25- 802.11 Standards
Comparison of standards a, b, and g.
26- Configuring a WAP
Step-by-step process to set up a WAP.
27- Frequency Hopping Spread-Spectrum
Technique to avoid interference in Bluetooth.
28- ISDN Technology
Explanation of ISDN data transmission.
29- Cable Internet Issues
Problem of modem flapping.
30- Factors Affecting Internet Speed
Internal and external influences on speed.
31- Caesar Cipher Encryption
Encrypting plaintext using a key.
32- Symmetric vs. Public-Key Encryption
Comparison of encryption methods.
33- Advantages of Encryption Methods
Security, speed, and key distribution.
34- SSL Encrypted Communication
Establishing secure communication with SSL.