Understanding Narrative and Dramatic Texts in Literature

Narrative Texts
- Developing a story: a succession of actions usually with a referential function, as well as poetic.
- The story is told by a narrator to convey facts as part of a fictional world.
- The mode of discourse is prose, but verse has also been used.

Subgenres
- Epic, romance, fable, story, novel.

Dramatic Text

They develop a story through the actions or words of the characters, without the intervention of a narrator. The appellative function predominates, and next to it, it's expressive.
The form of communication between characters through dialogue is in verse and prose.

Dramatic Subgenres
- Tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, drama, autosacramentales, farce.

Lyric Poetry: Primitive

- Jarcha: Composed in Arabic or Hebrew, typically eight lines, but most are four. The subject is young love that suffers due to family or friends in an urban setting.
- "Cantigas de amigo": A girl expresses her feelings to her mother, in the context of a deceased loved one.

Great Poets:
- Marques de Santillana: Known for moral and allegorical poetry-narrative. His production of serranillas excels, narrating the encounter between a knight and a shepherdess, and attempts to acclimate the Castilian to the Italian sonnet.

- Jorge Manrique: Themes of his verse include death, which has power and contrasts the equalizing force that is impossible to resist, along with fame and eternal life.

Lyric Renaissance:
Rhythmic innovations contribute to: endecasilabos and overlapping lines.
It incorporates verses and usual types of compositions from Italian lyric:
- Triplets, chains, the lira, the octava real, sonnet, Sapphic stanza.
The main themes are love and suffering expressed by the absence or death of the beloved or lack of correspondence. The portrayal of women reflects the ideals of Renaissance beauty.

Garcilaso de la Vega:
The theme is love expressed through melancholy and frustration or sadness over the absence of the beloved.
Other issues addressed include friendship, fate, fortune, or the need to dominate passions.
He has several pastorals (three) that speak of love and the sufferings of a shepherd in nature, longing for a maiden.

Renaissance Narrative:
- Pastoral novel: The characters in the novel are shepherds who converse like courtiers and are characterized by their chastity. In these stories, the prominence of some outstanding female characters is notable, aligning with the adventure novel.

Lazarillo de Tormes

A pseudo-autobiographical story of a miserable character who leaves his family and serves different masters to survive.
The main character has a roguish nature, having to survive and develop in poverty.

Cervantes

- "Galatea": A pastoral novel, whose main theme is love. The basis of the argument is set in a limited space of both time and place.
It offers interpolated tales, poems, and debates.

- "Don Quijote":