Understanding Materialist Monism and Dualism in Philosophy
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Materialist Monism: It explains the human psyche as a consequence of the brain. One character supports material reality. Dualism: In addition to the matter of the body, there is a bypass and intangible principle called the soul, which is essential to explain human action. Plato: Dualist - The human being comprises a body and soul; by chance or accident, the soul is immortal and immaterial, while the body is material and mortal. Aristotle's Hylomorphism: Body and soul are completely separable, but in imagination, they can be separated, while in reality, they always go together. Popper's Interactionism: There are mental acts and their essential individuality; the mind is a product of emergent evolutionary brain processes. It is true that not everything has to be material. Real entities that are not strictly material can interact with material realities. There are three worlds: 1. Composed of observable physical bodies, the only existing for materialists, 2. The world of mental states, which includes states of consciousness, provisions, psychological experiences, and unconscious states, 3. A set formed by the products of human regret, stories, myths, language, sciences, etc.
Monistic Theories of Material Learning
Physicalist Materialism: The mental activities are purely physical-chemical or neurophysiological processes, as stated by José Paul Feyerabend. Materialism, Ferrater, and cyberspace suggest that the brain is a complicated computer.
Emergentist Materialism: Mario Bunge argues that the mental is not reduced to the physical, but the physical emerges evolutionarily.
Dualistic Theories:
Plato and Hylomorphism (Earlier Theories)
Cartesian Dualism: Descartes posits that man is composed of two completely different substances: the body (extended substance) and the soul (thinking substance).
Eccles' Interactionist Dualism: Mind and brain are two different realities. 1. The mind is self-conscious. 2. The brain alone is insufficient to account for mental phenomena. 3. The interaction of the physical and mental body occurs in the cerebral cortex.