Understanding Legal Persons, Assessees, and Export Marketing

Defining "Person"

A "person" can refer to various legal entities:

1. Individual: A natural human being.
2. Hindu Undivided Family (HUF): A family unit with common ancestors, treated as a single entity for tax purposes (India).
3. Company: A corporate entity registered under the Companies Act or similar law.
4. Firm: Partnership firms and limited liability partnerships (LLPs).
5. Association of Persons (AOP) or Body of Individuals (BOI): A group with a common purpose, with or without a formal partnership.
6. Local Authority: Municipal corporations, panchayats, and other local governance bodies.
7. Artificial Juridical Person: Entities like trusts, universities, or temples, recognized by law.

Defining "Assessee"

An "assessee" is a person liable to pay taxes:

1. Ordinary Assessee: An individual or entity whose income is taxable (individuals, HUFs, companies, firms, AOPs, BOIs, local authorities, artificial juridical persons).
2. Representative Assessee: Someone paying taxes on behalf of another (guardians, trustees, agents of non-residents, executors).
3. Deemed Assessee: Someone considered an assessee under specific circumstances (legal heirs, asset holders for minors or incapacitated individuals).
4. Assessee-in-default: Someone deemed in default for non-compliance with tax laws.

Export Marketing Features

Key features of export marketing include:

1. Systematic Process: Designing and distributing products in overseas markets.
2. Customer Focus: Identifying and meeting target customer needs.
3. Customs Formalities: Subject to various customs procedures.
4. Cultural Sensitivity: Adapting to different customs and traditions in export markets.
5. Trade Blocs: Navigating restrictions due to trading blocs.

Domestic vs. Export Marketing