Understanding Language: Speech, Grammar, Lexicon

What is Speaking Properly?

It means using the word we want to say with its true meaning. Someone who commits an impropriety links a signifier to a signified that is not theirs.

Segmental and Non-Segmental Phonemes

Segmental phonemes are elements. Are there elements in this system that are not segmental? Cite those you know.

Within the phonological level, in addition to the segmental elements, are suprasegmental features or prosodemes: accent and intonation. Intonation is necessary to utter a complete sentence and is necessary to emphasize a word. It is therefore not said as with the segmental phonemes.

What is Speaking Correctly?

Speaking involves dominating the three levels of language:

• Phonological level: Correctly pronounce all the sounds of the language.
• Vocabulary level: Use each word with its true meaning.
• Grammatical level: Dominate morphology and syntax, namely, building words and phrases according to the language's governing standards.

Sense of Grammar:

• a) Internal grammar: Refers to the serious domestic concepts that all senders and receivers share in order to communicate, and the experience accumulated in each case selected by their performance.
• b) Descriptive grammar: Comes from studying how the language functions. Not all speakers are aware of the descriptive grammar of their language, although all have their internal grammar. When studies offer an organized presentation of their observations of the language, they are offering descriptive grammar.
• c) Prescriptive grammar or rules: Which is the same as descriptive grammar but with the intent to prescribe correct usage and encourage adherence.

What is Speaking by Chance?

Speaking involves choosing words deemed appropriate in each context or situation. In a specialized context in a given area, one can use a technical vocabulary. However, in slang, one might use other words that seem more appropriate in that context.

Euphemisms and Linguistic Taboos

Some words become language taboos. They are unpronounceable to anyone who wants to seem polite. Most language taboos relate to realities that are not considered in good taste to name. In general society, death, disease, and sex are the areas where linguistic taboos are most prevalent.

Euphemisms can avoid linguistic taboos, but it must be said that they accumulate negativity over time, so they must be constantly renewed.

Example: Taboo - crazy. Euphemism - mentally ill.

Types of Lexicon

According to Eugenio Coseriu, in all known languages there are two types of lexicon. On the one hand, we have the linguistically structured lexicon and, on the other hand, the gazetteer or terminological lexicon.

• The linguistically structured lexicon organizes the classification of extra-linguistic reality differently in each language.
• The gazetteer/terminological lexicon classifies extra-linguistic reality based on objective, clear, and obvious criteria external to the language.

The classifications belong to the general body of speakers, but terminologies are characteristic of the sciences, arts, techniques, and any specialized knowledge.