Understanding Knowledge Types and Research Methods

Knowledge Concepts

Knowledge: How human beings interpret themselves and the world around them. This knowledge comes from experiences, the experience of being human.

Common Sense: It is the knowledge of day-to-day experience of life. It involves imprecise language, has certain sources, and lacks critical sense.

Scientific Knowledge: This possesses a well-developed critical sense. It is designed to discover, understand, and explain the world, and to solve problems definitively.

Research Methods

Methods:

• Induction: Observing the reality of facts and deriving general rules from them.
• Deductive: Starting from a general, generic situation to reach a particular conclusion (transforming complex ideas into simple and known ones).
• Intuition: Using thought and feeling for problem-solving.

Text Summarization and Analysis

Summary: Concisely presenting a text with few words while maintaining the loyalty of the ideas.

• Analytic Summary: Captures all the important ideas of the text.
• Critical Summary: Provides a fair valuation of the form and content of the text.

Book Review: A work for specialists. It is a critical summary with expanded value judgments regarding importance, methods, and comparisons with other works by the same or different authors.

Paraphrase: Writing a text in other words without losing the original meaning.

Variables in Research

Hypothesis Variables: What is being measured in a scientific paper.

• Continuous Variable: Can take any numeric value.
• Discontinuous Variable: Does not have a numerical graduation.
• Independent Variable: The one that is relevant to another variable; it influences the dependent variable.
• Dependent Variable: The one that should be disclosed or observed in the study.

Variable Types: Quantitative variable: Involves numerical study. Qualitative variable: Involves arguments.

Data Collection: Interviewing

Quote:

Example: Book -> *Marketing Strategy*

DM Snake

Ed. Pioneer. SP 2001

Text Citation: (COBRA, 2001)

Bibliographic Reference: COBRA, MARCOS. *Marketing Strategy*. São Paulo: Pioneer, 2001. p. 10-11.

Interviewing

Interview: It is important to understand what happens to the other person.

• Structured Interview (Questionnaire): Requires prior knowledge of the subject.
• Unstructured Interview: (Content missing in original text)
• Semi-Structured Interview: Has partially prepared topics.

Note: 'There are no standards for interviews.'