Understanding Kidney Function, Stones, and Blood Disorders

Understanding Kidney Function

As capillaries exit organs, they converge into larger blood vessels, veins, which eventually return the blood to the heart at the right atrium.

Abnormal Kidney Function:

An individual's kidneys are unable to remove waste, the medical treatment known as hemodialysis. Use a dialysis machine 'artificial kidney' is only temporary, until the patient recovers normal kidney function or receives a kidney transplant. Blood is put in close contact with a special solution similar to blood plasma. The semipermeable membrane allows urea and other waste materials to exit the blood and prevents the escape of blood cells.

Painful Stones:

The substances transported in the urine can trigger the formation of crystals, commonly referred to as kidney stones. When they get stuck in the passageways of the urinary tract, they must be expelled.

Infections:

The urinary tract is particularly susceptible to infection because it is directly connected to the outside of the body. Cystitis is the most common urinary tract infection.

Blocked Arteries:

The obstruction of an artery is caused by the accumulation of lipids, such as cholesterol, on the interior wall. The internal diameter of the artery is reduced, and its internal surface becomes uneven, causing atherosclerosis when the arterial wall loses its elasticity and hardens.

Myocardial Infarction:

Atherosclerosis can lead to the formation of blood clots, thrombi. If the clot blocks essential blood vessels, part of the heart can fail to receive the nutrients and oxygen it needs, resulting in tissue death in the affected region of the heart muscle. This process or condition is known as acute myocardial infarction, heart attack. If the artery is only partially blocked, it causes pain, known as angina pectoris.

Blood Disorders: Anemia

Blood has low hemoglobin levels, insufficient iron. Individuals get tired easily and have low energy levels, but a balanced diet is enough to correct this condition.

Leukemia:

A type of cancer that affects the bone marrow, which produces the blood cells. It results in a high number of white blood cells and a reduction in the number of red blood cells and platelets.