Understanding International and Constitutional Labor Regulations
Classified in Law & Jurisprudence
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Principles of Labor Law
Labor Law is the set of rules and principles governing relations of free labor in a position of voluntary and dependent employment. Labor law regulates wage labor and the industrial relations created around it.
The International Labor Organization (ILO)
The ILO (International Labor Organization) aims at improving the living and working conditions of workers internationally. Its function is to create rules called conventions.
EU Member States
The following countries are relevant in the context of European labor discussions:
- Austria
- Bulgaria
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
Modes of Work Activity
Work activity modes include:
- Free movement of workers and paid employment.
- Freedom of establishment (with permanent character, access to self-employed activities, constitution, and free provision of services when pursued by a freelancer).
The European Social Fund (ESF)
The European Social Fund (ESF) is one of the most important instruments of the EU. The ESF aims at promoting the geographic and occupational mobility of workers and improving their employment opportunities. Its main objectives are to harmonize the laws and social policies of the EU countries and ensure free circulation within the community space.
Constitutional Classification of Employment Rights
The employment content of the Constitution is classified into 3 groups:
- Fundamental rights.
- Rights and freedoms of citizens.
- Economic and social principles that govern economic and social policy for the relevant authorities.
Sources Regulating Employment Relationships
The rights of the employment relationship are regulated by:
- State laws and regulations.
- Collective agreements.
- The will of the parties expressed in the contract of employment.
- Local and professional usage.
Organic Law vs. Ordinary Statute Law
The difference between organic and ordinary statute law is significant:
- Organic Law, unlike ordinary law, must be approved by the absolute majority of Congress members.
- Ordinary Laws are passed by a simple majority.
The Constitution requires that the regulation of fundamental rights and freedoms be established through organic laws.