Understanding Human Rights: Generations, Violations, and Advocacy
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Human Rights
| Rates of Duty | 1st Generation | 2nd Generation | 3rd Generation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Features | Civil and political Fundamental person | Economic and social | Solidarity of the Peoples |
| Examples | Right to life | Right to work | Right to peace Slavery |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
It was approved on December 10, 1948, by the UN.
- It emphasizes that human rights must be protected.
- The disregard for human rights led to acts of barbarism during the war.
- Human rights emphasize the dignity of the individual.
Specific Statements for Women and Children
Violence Against Women
- One in three women are abused worldwide.
- Mistreatment of women is the leading cause of death in families.
- 70% of murdered women are killed by their partner or former partner.
- In Rwanda, 500,000 women were raped and contracted AIDS.
Women's Rights
- Inequality between men and women: Women suffer more poverty than men. They lag behind men regarding control of money, property, land, and wealth.
- Women suffer disadvantages in areas such as education, employment (unpaid domestic work), sexual harassment, unequal pay, and gender discrimination.
Children's Rights
In 1946, the UN established UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) to protect the needs of children in poor countries.
- Violence and abuse of children: Children are used as soldiers or for sexual purposes. They are killed in wars. Children are more vulnerable than adults and need special protection and care; therefore, they have specific rights.
- 400,000,000 children work.
- 1 million children are victims of sexual abuse.
- 2 million children die in wars.
- 300,000 children fight as soldiers, handling explosives and weapons (Africa).
Violation of Human Rights
a) Death Penalty
- China (1,770 people executed).
- USA
- Africa: Deaths are camouflaged under the guise of war.
- Asia: Death sentences are more severe, including stoning.
b) Terrorism: Imposition of political ideas through violence.
c) Repression: Suppression of freedom of expression. People who oppose a political regime are persecuted. One form of repression is censorship.
d) AIDS: Those born in poor countries contract AIDS and cannot afford medicines or vaccines.
Rights of Refugees
These are people who are forced to leave their country because they are persecuted due to political problems. There are 19 million refugees waiting to return to their homes. They have no access to education or healthcare.
Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- There are 300 million indigenous people in the world, comprising 5,000 tribes.
- They are often forcibly removed from their land, exploited, and marginalized by society.