Understanding English Grammar: Tenses, Passive Voice, Reported Speech, Future Forms

English Verb Tenses: Present Forms

• Present Perfect Continuous: You have been running.
• Present Continuous (Negative): We aren’t sleeping.
• Present Simple (Interrogative): Does my sister teach?
• Present Perfect: Juan has bought a car.
• Present Perfect (Interrogative): Has it danced?
• Present Simple (Interrogative): Do I put the money?
• Present Continuous: She is studying.
• Present Perfect Continuous (Interrogative): Have you been cutting?

English Verb Tenses: Past Forms

• Past Perfect Continuous: You had been running.
• Past Continuous (Negative): We weren’t sleeping.
• Past Simple (Interrogative): Did my mother sing?
• Past Perfect: Juan had bought a car.
• Past Perfect (Interrogative): Had it danced?
• Past Simple (Interrogative): Did I put the money?
• Past Continuous: She was studying.
• Past Perfect Continuous (Interrogative): Had you been cutting?

Mastering the Passive Voice

Active to Passive Voice Transformations

• Present Simple: I buy the car — The car is bought by me.
• Past Simple (Negative): You didn’t write the book — The book wasn’t written by you.
• Future Simple (Interrogative): Will he sell the dog? — Will the dog be sold by him?
• Present Continuous (Negative): She isn’t burning the paper — The paper isn't being burnt by her.
• Past Continuous (Interrogative): Was it killing the chickens? — Were the chickens being killed by it?
• Future Continuous: We will be watching the pigs — The pigs will be being watched by us.
• Present Perfect (Interrogative): Have you broken the glasses? — Have the glasses been broken by you?

Passive to Active Voice Transformations

• Past Perfect: The song had been listened to by them — They had listened to the song.
• Future Perfect (Negative): The cards won't have been cut by me — I won't have cut the cards.
• Present Perfect Continuous: The rooms have been being made by you — You have been making the rooms.
• Past Perfect Continuous: The drums had been being bought by her — She had been buying the drums.
• Future Perfect Continuous (Interrogative): Will the cat have been being painted by him? — Will he have been painting the cat?

Understanding Reported Speech

Reporting Statements

• John said that Mike had been painting his house.
• Tom told Steve that she traveled to Bogotá with him.
• Paul said that I didn’t have to steal for him.
• Mary told Karol that they would have rented the house.

Reporting Questions

• Gloria asked John if he had slept in Bogotá.
• Gloria asked John what kind of movies he watched.
• Gloria asked John where he would play his next game.
• Gloria asked John if he had taken any important thing.

Reporting Commands and Requests

• He/She/They told us not to eat in class.
• He/She/They asked us to go to the office.

Common Reporting Verbs

• Believe: I believed that I broke the glass.
• Warn: I warned you that I broke the glass.
• Promise: I promised to go to the party.
• Invite: I invited you to go to Miami.
• Apologize: I apologized for breaking the glass.

Ways to Express Future Actions

• Offer (using 'Shall'): Shall I clean your house?
• Prediction (using 'Will'): He/They will come back with a girl.
• Promise (using 'Will'): I will kill you with my gun.
• Future Fact (using 'Will'): I will be 18 this year.
• Fixed Arrangement (Present Continuous): He is calling Oscar tonight.
• Schedule (Present Simple): He takes a shower at 5 o'clock.
• Prediction (using 'Going to' based on evidence): Look at the sky! It's going to rain.
• Intention (using 'Going to'): He is going to travel to Miami.