Understanding Elasticity of Demand and Revenue in Economics

Classified in Economy

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Δ Qd Y1

EY = --------- × ---------

Δ Y Q1


perfectly (or infinitely) elastic:

the extremely elastic situation of demand or supply where quantity changes by an infinite amount in response to any change in price; horizontal in appearance

perfectly inelastic:

the highly inelastic case of demand in which a percentage change in price, no matter how large, results in zero change in the quantity; thus, the price elasticity of demand is zero; vertical in appearance

(relatively) elastic:

the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price; measured price elasticity of demand is greater than one (in absolute value)

(relatively) inelastic:

the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price; measure price elasticity of demand is less than one (in absolute value)

unitary elastic:

when a given percent price change in price leads to an equal percentage change in quantity demanded


Total revenue:

the price of an item multiplied by the number of units sold:

TR = P x Qd


Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand:

% Δ Qx percent change in price of widgets

Exy = -------------------

% Δ Py percent change in quantity of sprockets demanded


Qx2 - ​Qx1


(Qx2 + Qx1) / 2

Exy = ----------------------------------

Py2 - ​ Py1


(Py2 + Py1) / 2




cross-price elasticity of demand:

the percentage change in the quantity of good A that is demanded as a result of a percentage change in good B

interest elasticity of savings:

the percentage change in the quantity of savings divided by the percentage change in interest rates

wage elasticity of labor supply:

the percentage change in hours worked divided by the percentage change in wages

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