Understanding Current Density and Electromotive Force

Classified in Physics

Written at on English with a size of 2.16 KB.

Current Density

The electric current density is a vector quantity representing power per unit area. It relates to current as:

I = \int_S \mathbf{j} \cdot d \mathbf{S}

  • I is the electric current in amperes (A).
  • j is the current density in amperes per square meter (Am-2).
  • S is the area in square meters (m²).

Isolated Point Charges

Current density relates to charge carriers (electrons, holes, ions) by:

\mathbf{j} = \sum_i n_i q_i \mathbf{v}_i

Where:

  • ni is the concentration of carrier i.
  • qi is the electric charge of carrier i.
  • vi is the average velocity of carrier i in the volume.

Electromotive Force (EMF)

Electromotive force maintains a potential difference in an open circuit or produces current in a closed circuit. It's a generator characteristic, explained by an electric field Ξ, where \int_S \xi ds defines the EMF.

EMF is the work done to move a unit positive charge from negative to positive inside the generator, measured in volts (V).

P = \frac{R}{A}

It relates to potential difference V and internal resistance r by: E = V + Ir. (Ir is the potential drop inside the generator due to resistance).

The induced EMF in a closed circuit equals the rate of change of magnetic flux Φ: \Xi = - \frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t} (Faraday's Law). The negative sign (Lenz's Law) indicates the induced EMF opposes the flux change.

Entradas relacionadas: