Understanding Communication Circuits and Wave Transmission

1. Communication Circuit Questions

What is K in the communication circuit?

K represents the generation of a message by the issuer and its transmission.

What types of waves are the signs usually?

Signs are typically acoustic or electromagnetic waves.

What is the channel?

The channel is the physical medium that supports information transmission.

What does K stand for in wired or wireless communication?

• Wired: Electromagnetic waves (like sound) are transmitted through a wired medium.
• Wireless: Electromagnetic waves are transmitted, but not sound.

Wired media utilize cables, such as conventional metal wires.

2. Wave Definitions

Wavelength

The distance a wave travels during one complete oscillation.

Period

The time between two consecutive wave peaks.

Frequency

The number of oscillations in a given time period.

Amplitude

The maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position.

Speed

The distance a wave travels in a given time interval.

3. Wave Properties

Transmission through Vacuum

All electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.

Electromagnetic Waves

Produced by disturbances in electromagnetic fields.

Sound Waves

Caused by mechanical vibrations of a material.

Sound Wave Properties

Characterized by properties like intensity.

Modern Telecommunications

Electromagnetic waves are commonly used in modern telecommunications.

4. Repeaters and Satellites

What are repeaters?

Repeaters transmit signals to extend the range of communication, ensuring messages reach distant points.

What type of transmission uses repeaters?

Wireless transmission.

What is the role of telecommunication satellites?

Satellites redistribute signals efficiently over long distances, enabling global communication.

5. Wired vs. Wireless Transmission

Advantages of Wired Transmission

Stability and reliability due to the use of isolated media designed for signal propagation.

Disadvantages of Wired Transmission

Requires complex and expensive cable networks and infrastructure.

6. How Phones Work

Functionality

Phones convert sound waves into electromagnetic waves, which are transmitted via cable (fixed phones) or wirelessly (mobile phones). The receiver converts the electromagnetic waves back into sound.

Microphones

Devices that transform sound waves into electrical signals.

Headphones

Devices that convert electrical signals into sound waves.

Signal Transmission

• Fixed Phones: Signals travel through cables connected to a network.
• Mobile Phones: Signals are transmitted wirelessly via electromagnetic waves.

7. Radio vs. Telephony

Similarity

Both radio and telephony use electromagnetic waves for transmission.

Difference

Radio is a one-to-many communication system, while telephony is typically one-to-one.

8. Television Emission Diagram

In television cameras, light from the subject is converted into electrical signals. These signals are then encoded into electromagnetic waves, which are transmitted via antennas and repeaters. The receiver decodes the signal and displays the original images on a screen.