TV Antenna Technology: Wave Propagation, Components, and Geostationary Orbits

Wave propagation systems TV: Systems of wave propagation are electomagneticas TV: Propagation Propagation by air and electrical conductors. But at the time the waves that propagate through the air can be classified into: ground electromagnetic waves : Those that propagate through the earth but in their path are all sorts of obstacles so the intensity decreases. Electromagnetic waves of space: They spread through the layers of the atmosphere, and these waves tend to move away from the land, finding the waves bounce off various obstacles to the ground with what is thus caught waves on earth. The polarization can be vertical or horizontal. The wavelength is measured in meters, the distance between two points is equal consecutivas.Se wave transmission speed by dividing the wave (300.000km / s) by the number of cycles k produced in each segund0 (frequency) . Length limit of electromagnetic waves: This length is bounded by the maximum visibility between wave emitting antenna and the antenna that receives the wave. Therefore the larger the antenna the more powerful will. To find the maximum range of an antenna is calculated using the following formula:

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Impedance at a reception: 75Ω. Principal parts of a TV antenna: Dipole: Allows you to receive electromagnetic waves of television with adequate levels. Normally folded dipole is used because with it you can take a greater number of channels. These dipoles must be oriented toward the electromagnetic wave. Reflector: Prevent the reception of electromagnetic waves behind the dipole with increasing uptake by the front. There are different types of reflectors such as single, double or screen. Director: Embracing the reception beam which can receive output from farther distances. Whose function is to direct the waves into the dipole. The separation must be left between the antenna elements is determined by the manufacturer. Onda Geostationary: Consists of the orbit where satellites are positioned to be revolving around the earth, is placed in parallel with Ecuador which is achieved having the same direction of rotation and the same speed as the earth as it is achieved that the satellite has the same position at the same point. To reach this orbit the satellite has to put 35.806Km and travel at a speed of 11.000Km / h, so that the satellite gets one full turn every 24 hours.