Textual Analysis: Structure, Functions, and Writing Styles

Understanding Textual Structure and Linguistic Functions

1. External and Internal Structure

Texts possess a structure that depends entirely on the type to which they relate.

2. Authorial Presentation Styles

The way an author presents their writing in a journalistic context is often referred to as News.

3. The Role of the Introduction

The beginning of a text is constituted by an introduction.

4. The Body of a Letter

The main body or core of a letter is known as the development.

5. Additional Clarifications

Additional clarifications made by an author are typically placed in the footnotes of a page.

6. Writing Scientific Texts

Scientific writing emphasizes a written narrative that summarizes readings and includes commentary.

7. Precision in Scientific Writing

To achieve greater precision in scientific writing, authors utilize technicalities.

8. Prefixes and Suffixes

The difference lies in their placement: prefixes are placed before the root, while suffixes are fixed at the end.

9. Neologisms vs. Archaisms

Neologisms are newly appeared words, whereas archaisms are words that have become outdated or obsolete.

10. Conveying Personal Messages

Personal messages allow an author to externalize emotions, attitudes, moods, and feelings, or to evoke a specific state in the reader.

11. The Concept of Idiolect

An idiolect is considered a unique language variety; it refers to the specific speech habits an individual acquires to form their own distinct style.

12. Dialect Placement

Dialects are often situated between journalistic language and standard speech.

13. Observing Linguistic Patterns

These linguistic patterns can be observed primarily in newspapers and personal messages.

14. Roles of Written Linguistic Expressions

The primary roles are appealing (conative) and emotional (expressive).

15. The Emotional Function

The emotional function relates directly to the speaker, acting out their internal emotions, feelings, and moods.

16. Typographical Arrangement

The typographical arrangement indicates the format of the text, such as prose, verse, or columns.

17. Internal Structure of Personal Texts

The internal structure of a personal text is defined by subjectivity, everyday language, and textual prototypes.

18. Defining Subjectivity

Subjectivity is a distinctive feature that personal texts share with literary texts.

19. Everyday Language

Personal texts are expressed in the simple language that we use in our daily lives.

20. Textual Prototypes

Textual prototypes are frameworks where texts serve as descriptions or recounts of specific events.

21. Connectors in Writing

Words that bind expressions and sentences together are called connectors.

22. The Concept of Connection

Connection is the action and effect of attaching different linguistic elements to each other.

23. Components of a Formal Document

The parts that make up a formal letter or paper include:

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• References

24. Structure of Expository Texts

Expository texts have a structure that depends on the specific category to which they belong.

25. Three Types of Expository Functions

The three primary functions are referential, appellative, and metalinguistic.

26. The Referential Function

The referential function is most commonly found in scientific writing.

27. The Appellative Function

The appellative function is used when the author seeks a specific response or action from the hearer.

28. The Metalinguistic Function

This function is performed when the text reflects on the use of the language itself.

29. Understanding Technicalities

Technicalities are specialized terms that may be repeated several times within a specific text to maintain precision.

30. Items Contained in Reports

Common items found in reports and journalistic documents include news, interviews, and columns.