Temperament, Character, Personality, and Intelligence
Classified in Psychology and Sociology
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Temperament, Character, and Personality
A person reacts to a given circumstance in one way or another, depending on their temperament, character, and personality.
The primary reactions of a person to stimuli in their environment, based solely on their constitution, are called temperament. You could say that temperament is the psychological response caused by an individual's "hardware" to meet the stimuli around them.
Character is the secondary way of reacting to environmental stimuli. It's a response that everyone has in their own way, as they control and direct their temperamental response with their will, feelings, and intelligence.
Personality is the relatively stable, peculiar, and characteristic mode of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Thus, we can state that personality includes the whole of the individual and the psychological manifestations derived from it, covering four areas: usual behavior, views on reality (perception), emotions, and motivations.
Personality in the Workplace
For psychologists, the tendency toward either end of each personality factor makes an individual more or less likely to possess the skills required by an organization.
The prevalence of high or low polar personality traits can be positive or negative for performing certain tasks.
Understanding Intelligence
Intelligence is manifested in faculties such as imagination, speed of understanding, clarity of vision, or the ability to build relationships, obtain logical consequences, and apply implications to new situations.
The multifactorial theory of intelligence lists the following factors identified by Thurstone and other researchers:
- Verbal Ability
- Numerical Aptitude
- Memory Ability
- Display Fitness
- Mental Fluency
- Speed of Perception
- Inductive Fitness
- Deductive Fitness
Numerous tests have been developed to measure intellectual ability. IQ (Intelligence Quotient) provides a number that is used to compare the mental capacity of a person with others of the same age. This figure is obtained by means of: IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100
However, IQ does not serve to predict personal and professional success, which is much more linked to emotional intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
Emotional intelligence is the set of self-awareness, self-motivation, empathy, and social competence. This means that a person is not defined solely by their IQ.
| Emotional Intelligence Capabilities | Associated Skills |
| Identification of one's emotions or sense of self |
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| Self-regulation |
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| Self-motivation |
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| Empathy or ability to put yourself in others' shoes |
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| Social competence or social skills |
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Emotional Intelligence and Success
Success or failure at work is not just one facet of success or failure in life. The capabilities of emotional intelligence are essential to good performance in the labor market, which is closely linked to personal and professional success.