Television Transmission Standards and Network Protocols Explained

Television Transmission and Reception

Analogue Television (TV)

Analogue TV signals are composed of video information, including synchronization and illumination lines, and the color of the points that form the images. Audio is also added. The video signal is modulated in AM, and the audio signal in FM.

Digital Television (DTV)

Digital TV signals are transmitted in binary form (digital).

Digital TV Service Models

• DVB Model: Developed for multimedia standard definition television.
• ATSC Model: Offers superior technical quality compared to traditional television services.
• ISDB Model: A combination of the DVB and ATSC models.

Digital TV Transmission Techniques

• Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT): Broadcasts over land-based transmitters.
• Satellite Television: Transmitted via communication satellites.
• Cable Television: Delivered through coaxial or fiber optic cables.
• IPTV (Television over ADSL): Delivered over internet protocol networks.

Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT)

DTT offers better sound quality and a superior image compared to analogue TV. It utilizes bandwidth efficiently, though its transmission can be slower due to encoding and sampling. Users can choose between more channels or higher quality channels. DTT employs information retrieval processes that significantly reduce the effect of information loss due to noise and distance.

DTT reception requires an adaptation process if existing infrastructure is missing. This typically involves installing a compatible antenna and a digital decoder.

Communication Protocols

Protocols are essential for exchanging information between devices. They establish universally accepted rules for communication.

Types of Communication Protocols

OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection)

The OSI model establishes a protocol stack with seven levels or layers, each dedicated to different aspects of regulating communication between systems.

Internet Protocols

Protocols used between applications on the internet perform functions similar to the presentation and session layers of the OSI model. Examples include protocols for resource location, email, remote access, and other applications.

Transport and Network Protocols (TCP/IP)

TCP/IP is a family of open and free protocols. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) controls data transmission through detection techniques and error correction. IP (Internet Protocol) manages the location of the recipient and the sender's ID.