Telecommunications Switching Methods, Fiber Optics, and Network Infrastructure
Classified in Computers
Written on in 
English with a size of 3.83 KB
Network Communication Methods: Switching Techniques
Circuit Switching
Allows two terminals to communicate through a single, dedicated circuit, leaving it free for use during the connection.
Benefits of Circuit Switching
- Real-time transmission.
- No interference from other users on the loop.
- No contention or congestion issues.
- No time is lost in recalculating routes.
- Simplicity in management.
Disadvantages of Circuit Switching
- Initial connection delay.
- Time is wasted when the circuit is idle.
- Route recalculation does not inherently lower costs.
- Low fault tolerance.
Message Switching
The full message is sent to a node, which stores and forwards it to the next node until it reaches its destination.
Benefits of Message Switching
- The channel is released before the message is forwarded.
- No inactive occupied circuits.
Disadvantages of Message Switching
- Extra routing information is added.
- Increased complexity in the nodes.
- No real-time communication between terminals.
Packet Switching
Data is divided into packets, and a header indicating the source and destination is added to each.
Benefits of Packet Switching
- If an error occurs, only a small amount of data needs to be retransmitted.
- Interactive communication is possible.
- High network utilization (better return on network).
Disadvantages of Packet Switching
- Complexity of intermediate switching equipment.
Subscriber Distribution Infrastructure
Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
The interconnection element is a metal frame that supports the necessary interconnection components.
MDF Components
- Frame: Steel structure.
- Horizontal Strip Side: Strips connected to switching equipment.
- Vertical Strip Side: Where strips are mounted to connect the external network.
- Wire Bridges: Used to interconnect each pair of the external network.
Distribution Point
This is where the cable pair runs from the MDF (portal) to the subscriber's address.
Drop Wire (Service Line)
This is the cable connecting the network interconnection point with the distribution point.
Network Interconnection Point (NIP) / PTR
The PTR replaces the PCR. The key difference is that the PTR causes issues with ADSL because it does not support remote diagnosis (telediagnosis).
PTR Functions
- Manually cut the telephone signal during user installation.
- Test the connection to the service provider using a built-in test jack.
- For multi-line installations, a Multi-Point Customer Termination Point (MPCR) is used.
Fiber Optic Technology and Signal Impairments
Advantages of Fiber Optics
- Noise immunity.
- Less signal attenuation.
- Greater bandwidth.
Disadvantages of Fiber Optics
- Higher cost.
- Installation and maintenance complexity.
- Fragility.