Team Sports: Effective Training and Coaching Techniques

Introduction to Team Sports

Sporting Equipment

Sport is a motor situation characterized by action, driving, competition, regulation, and institutionalization. Sports are based on specific motor control where space and control are key elements.

Elements Common in Team Sports

• Basic Techniques and Motor Skills: Movement, release, reception, impact, driving.
• Specific Motor Skills: Tactics (individual and team), physical preparation, psychological preparation, and intelligent play.

Work Methodology in Team Sports

Definitions

• Learning: Acquiring knowledge or a skill.
• Learning Action: The process of learning an art or craft. It is essential to know what students already know and start with the basics.
• Teaching: A system and method of giving instruction.
• Methodology: A mode of action or proceeding. It may be analytical (breaking down all the parts to work on technical and tactical aspects separately) or synthetic (working on all the parts globally).

Application Methods in Sports

Objectives

• To find a suitable methodological system.
• To define priorities in team sports and group initiation.

The Tasks in Team Sports Training

Characteristics

Space, time, speed of decision-making, physical contact, etc.

Phases of Tasks

• Perception and analysis of the situation.
• Decision-making.
• Execution.

Factors and Progression Sequencing of Tasks

Progression and sequencing are the principal tactical factors that should be contained in tasks.

Sports Initiation Activities

Activities are a set of related tasks with the same objective. There are three types: adapted games, games, and exercises.

Adapted Games

• Adapted to the level of the apprentice.
• The application of rules must be gradual.
• Manipulating the rules to achieve a goal.
• Balanced teams.
• Very convenient for evaluation.

Emergence of Problems and Solutions in Adapted Games

• Problem: Game monopolized by a few players.

  Solution: All players must pass the ball before shooting; a player cannot score two goals without passing; the ball cannot be bounced.

• Problem: Many balls are lost.

  Solution: If the ball falls to the ground, the other team gets the ball; a team must make at least eight passes before shooting at the goal; attacking team in superiority.

• Problem: Good game is not encouraged.

  Solution: No bouncing the ball; a maximum of eight passes; if a team scores in less than five seconds, they continue attacking.

• Problem: Auxiliary players are not clearing.

  Solution: Two players must always be behind the ball; no more than two forward passes are allowed.

• Problem: Physical activity is not valued.

  Solution: Trapping the ball is worth a goal; if the ball touches the ground, the other team gets possession.

Games

Free action for enjoyment and leisure, subject to rules that can be modified.

Exercises

Exercises are best for isolating a target when there is no game or match.

The Trainer/Coach

Basic Principles of Introduction

1. Interest in the player must always come first.
2. The coach earns respect by setting an example.
3. Maintain motivation and be concerned about it.
4. Pay attention to the way of interacting with others (verbal and non-verbal).
5. Deepen the knowledge of our sport and related ones.
6. Be ready to anticipate problems.

Performance of the Coach During a Session

1. Before the session: Prepare activities, consider the material, and what will be worked on.
2. During the session: Put activities into action quickly, get involved in the actions, and time individual participation.
3. After the session: Analyze what happened and think about the changes that should be made.

The Session

A session involves proposing several activities to our players.

Objective

Improvement of any aspect.

Content

Planned activities for the session.