TCP/IP Model and Comparison with OSI Model

Components

DNS Client, DNS Servers, Zones of Authority

Transport Layer Model: TCP/IP

TCP

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ensures reliable communication between the sender and receiver of a message.

UDP

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) offers a lower guarantee of packet delivery compared to TCP because it doesn't use acknowledgments.

Implementation Level of the TCP/IP Model

The application layer is the level where common programs communicate over a network.

ICMP

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a sub-protocol for diagnostics and error reporting within the Internet Protocol (IP).

FTP

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is part of the TCP/IP suite and provides file transfer services.

HTTP

The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of web communication. It's an ASCII-based protocol that establishes secure TCP communication between client and server.

SMTP

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a network protocol used for exchanging text-based emails.

POP

The Post Office Protocol (POP) retrieves mail from an email server to a local computer.

Basic Structure of the Web

The HTTP protocol acts as a generic transport, carrying various types of information from server to client.

Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Models

The TCP/IP model is simpler than the OSI model, grouping several OSI layers into one or omitting them entirely.

Similarities Between the Models

• Both are layered models.
• Both have application layers, although they include different services.
• Both have similar transport and network layers.

Physical Layer of the TCP/IP Model

ARP

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) converts IP addresses into physical network addresses.

RARP

The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) performs the reverse of ARP, obtaining the IP address from a physical address.

Data Link Layer of the TCP/IP Model

SLIP

The Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) provides a reasonably fast connection.

PPP

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is more versatile and powerful than SLIP, offering a full-duplex data transport method.

Network Layer of the TCP/IP Model

IPX/SPX

The Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) is a network layer protocol used in local area networks (LANs).

IP

The Internet Protocol (IP) forms the basis of all internet communication.

DNS

The Domain Name System (DNS) translates IP addresses into easier-to-remember domain names, and vice-versa.