Sustainable Practices in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing

Agricultural Land Classification

Agricultural land (parcelas) is classified based on:

• Size
  • Small: Less than 1 hectare
  • Medium: 1 to 10 hectares
  • Large: More than 10 hectares
• Shape
  • Regular: Geometric shape
  • Irregular: Not a defined geometric shape
• Boundaries
  • Enclosed fields: Separated by hedges, fences, or stone walls
  • Open fields: No physical boundaries

Corrective Measures

Agriculture and Livestock

• Use of manure and fallow techniques
• Use of organic products for pest control
• Use of natural seeds and seasonal planting
• Rational use of water resources

Forestry

• Conservation of natural areas with high ecological value
• Reforestation with native species
• Fire protection

Fisheries

• Regulation of fishing gear and techniques (e.g., trawling ban)
• Minimum size control for species
• Reduced catch limits
• Aquaculture promotion

Negative Environmental Impacts

Agriculture and Livestock

• Deforestation
• Soil depletion and contamination
• Surface and groundwater overexploitation

Logging

• Forest degradation
• Soil erosion
• Reduced biodiversity
• Reforestation with non-native species issues

Fishing

• Excessive catches
• Damage to marine ecosystems from techniques like trawling

Fishing Methods

Inshore Fishing

Done on the continental shelf using bait, nets, and traps.

Deep Sea Fishing

Carried out at sea using large boats (e.g., for cod). Common gear includes bait (trolling and longlines) and nets (e.g., almandraba and seine nets).

Other Uses of the Sea

• Algae harvesting
• Mineral extraction
• Energy sources
• Salt production
• Water desalination
• Electricity generation

Recent Workplace Transformations

• Demographic changes
• Changes in agricultural landscapes (e.g., farmland abandonment)
• Development of new activities (industrial, tourism)

Logging

Economic Benefits

Provides raw materials for various industries.