Spanish Verb Conjugation: Present and Past Tense

To Be

Present Past

I am (yo soy) I was (yo era)

You are (usted está) You were (usted estaba)

He is (él es) He was (él era)

She is (ella es) She was (ella era)

It is (eso es) It was (eso era)

We are (nosotros somos) We were (nosotros éramos)

They are (ellos son) They were (ellos eran)

To be (past) + verb (ing)

• Present Simple

- Affirmative: Personal Pronoun + Verb

Personal Pronoun + Verb + -s (3rd person singular)

- Negative: Personal Pronoun + do/hacer (does/hace) + not + Verb

Am and are = do; is = does

- Interrogative: Do/Does + Personal Pronoun + Verb?

• Past Simple

- Affirmative: Personal Pronoun + Verb (-ed or irregular)

Examples of irregular verbs: blow/blew, forget/forgot, understand/understood, tell/told, run/ran, shut, eat/ate, give/gave, take/took, pay/paid, meet/met, catch/caught, sit/sat, have/had, ring/rang.

- Negative: Personal Pronoun + did + not + Verb (base form)

- Interrogative: Did + Personal Pronoun + Verb (base form)?

• Passive Voice

New Subject + to be (present/past) + Verb (-ed/-en) + by + New Complement

• Active Voice

Subject + Verb + Complement

Present: The bread (el pan) is bought (es comprado) by the father (por el padre).

Past: The thief (el ladrón) was arrested (fue arrestado) by the policeman (por el policía).

• Pronouns Possessive

Personal Possessive Adjective Object Pronoun Possessive Pronoun

I (yo) My (mi) Me Mine (mío/mía)

You (tú/usted) Your (tu/su) You Yours (tuyo/suya)

He (él) His (su) Him His (suyo)

She (ella) Her (su) Her Hers (suyo)

It (eso) Its (su) It Its (suyo)

We (nosotros) Our (nuestro) Us Ours (nuestro)

They (ellos/ellas) Their (su) Them Theirs (suyo)