Spanish Syntax and Journalistic Communication

Spanish Syntax and Sentence Structures

Pseudocopulative Verbs: For example, "She has become nice."

Pseudocopulative and Coordinated Sentences

Coordinated Sentences: These include several types:

• Disjunctive: (e.g., "Come or stay?"). These can be non-exclusive (e.g., "For the work, you have to be so or so").
• Adversative: (e.g., "but").
• Distributive: (e.g., "He reads, he laughs").
• Explanatory: (e.g., "i.e.").

Subordinate Noun and Adjective Clauses

Subordinate Noun Clauses: These include indirect interrogatives (Total: "I wonder if he had eaten"; Partial: "He asked me what I ate"), Prepositional Complements (CREG) (e.g., "He complains that they ignore him"), Noun Complements (CN) (e.g., "He is hopeful that he will win the lottery"), and Adjective Complements (C.Adj) (e.g., "He is satisfied with the selection").

Adjective Clauses: These function as Noun Complements (CN) to identify the role of the subordinate word as a link. Relatives include subjects ("that"), adjectives ("of which"), and adverbs ("where"). Substantivized adjectives occur when the relative pronoun acts as a noun (e.g., "He has bought the blossoming one," or "Those of you who, whom, with whom, how...").

Adverbial Clauses and Comparisons

Adverbial Clauses: These are categorized by their function:

• Comparison: (e.g., "Judith is happier than Pepa").
• Consecutive: Intensive (e.g., "He was so scared that...") and non-intensive (e.g., "therefore").
• Causal: (e.g., "He left because the car was quick").
• Final/Purpose: (e.g., "I've left the book to read," "I have come for that").
• Conditional: (e.g., "If you leave me that, I...").
• Concessive: (e.g., "although...", "whatever you do...").

Syntactic Analysis Example: Subordinate Adjective Clause / Interior Subordinate Adjective Clause / CRV Link: "They believe that no one can believe in the idea that God exists."

The Press and Mass Media Communication

The Press: Facilitates communication in both interpersonal and social contexts. Social communication through mass media is a one-way process using artificial channels and graphic codes to broaden the message. ICTs allow for interaction with both objective and subjective opinions. The press is one of the oldest media forms, wielding great influence through written language, depth, and a vast infrastructure of press agencies.

Journalistic Genres and News Structure

Journalism combines verbal codes, various text types, and specific content. It utilizes a heterogeneous language and a cultured standard register, often employing passive sentences and the third person. Headlines are crucial for capturing attention.

• News: Tells facts objectively in an impersonal style. The media decide what constitutes news using the 6 Ws and the inverted pyramid structure. It consists of two parts: the lead (input) and the body.
• Features: These extend and develop the story, telling facts while including background information. They follow a similar structure to news but with a more personal style.

Opinion and Mixed Genres

Opinion Genres: These include the Editorial (the newspaper's official opinion article using exposure and argumentation), the Feature Article (on a topic of interest), and Opinion Columns (signed by an occasional specialist with a subjective approach). There is also the Letter to the Editor.

Mixed Genres: These include the Chronicle (presenting a rigorous yet personal vision of a theme in a personal style), the Interview, and Cultural Criticism.