Spanish Society, Culture, and Ortega y Gasset's Perspective

Life and Culture

Culture, the set of tools and techniques shaping human communities, provides the objective foundation of life and sustains societies. A historical understanding is crucial to avoid repeating past mistakes and build a better future. Life and culture intertwine to form a synthetic identity, encompassing dynamic notions such as events, news, opportunities, freedom, projects, and vocation, leading to a fulfilling life.

Project and Circumstances

Early childhood experiences, whether positive or negative, shape initial life projects. Maturity involves assessing these projects against existing circumstances, navigating primary and secondary challenges, and adapting to new situations.

Truth and Perspective

Ortega y Gasset emphasizes the importance of truth within his theory of perspective. The universe, as a synthesis of possible scenarios, links to truth both theoretically and practically. Philosophers and scientists must understand all perspectives to effectively contribute. Ortega believed that governing principles should apply to all possible viewpoints. He criticizes philosophers who misplace perspectives, recognizing that every perspective holds an element of truth.

Ortega y Gasset and the Historical Context of 1923

Ortega y Gasset's CntxOr.Situacion, published in 1923, reflects the historical evolution of the early 20th century. Two distinct periods emerge: before and after the publication of this work.

The Period Before CntxOr.Situacion

This period is divided into two phases:

1. 1900-1914 (Objectivism): Ortega y Gasset criticized the lack of education and scientific awareness in Spanish society, drawing comparisons with the advancements in the U.S. and Europe. This period, known as Objectivism, produced numerous articles and papers on Spain's perceived backwardness, culminating in his work Invertebrate Spain.