Spanish Novel Renewal: Generation del 14 and Generation of 27

Stage 3 — Generation del 14

3ª etapa: The Generation del 14 was composed not only of writers but also of intellectuals. Questions were raised about the novel and its future. José Ortega y Gasset raised the question of the novel and from this emerged the concept of the intellectual novel. According to Ortega, renewal comes with the intellectual novel that allows readers to develop new inquietudes. The dehumanized novel is the one that deals with more intellectual problems.

Key authors and works

Concha Espina is the author of La esfinge maragata (a realistic novel of manners). A refreshing presence is Gabriel Miró, author of lyrical novels with heated prose. His poetics are not very systematic; he highlights description of landscape. Around 1910, 'Cherries in the Cemetery' is noted as a love story with problematic figures. Later, 'Passion the Lord' reads like a collection of 'Our Father' and 'Saint Daniel' sketches. The novel and the 'Bishop Xo Leper' go together in two parts, showing the influence of the Church.

Ramón Pérez de Ayala is the one who best represents the tendency that begins with four intellectual novels. He can be considered as a bloc: a form of expression in which the novel is communication. Works such as 'Tigre and Juan' and 'El curandero' address themes of love, sex and adultery. What is important is the description given of Oviedo.

Ramón Gómez de la Serna is an extremely prolific writer who writes on many topics. He introduces reasons why he can be classified within the Spanish vanguards. 'El improbable doctor' treats psychoanalysis. 'Cinelanda' presents the development of film with an expressionist emphasis. Also relevant are Wenceslao Pérez Flórez, Henry Janer and Benjamín Jarné.

Stage 4 — Generation of 27 (Grupo de 28)

Stage 4: The Generation of '27 is sometimes called the group of '28 because in 1928 an essay on New Romanticism set standards for the novelists of that circle. Not all writers produced the same type of novel. This moment is characterized by a relation to the nineteenth-century realist novel, transformed into critical realism: committed and social. Many used literature as an instrument of revolution. The quality of the novel across the group is uneven. There is a set of novelists who continued renovation and another group that were socialists.

Cutting-edge novels

Within the cutting-edge or avant-garde novel: Francisco Ayala (noted for works such as 'Hunter at the Dawn', representing an intellectual-type novel). Also important are Rosa Chacel and José Díez Fernández.

Social novels

Within the social novel: Joaquín Would Burn, Manuel Domínguez Benavides and César M. Arconada are mentioned as representatives of socially committed fiction.

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