Spanish provinces

I. Memory___________________________________________

A. Creating mental linkages

GroupingLR,

Associating/elaboratingLR,

placing new words Into a context A

B. Applying images and sounds

Using ImageryLR,

Semantic MappingLR,

Ussing KeywordsLR,

Representing Sounds In Memory LRS

C. Reviewing well: Structured Reviewing A

D. Employing action:

Using Physical response or sensationLR,

Using mechanical techniquesLRW

II. Cognitive______________________

A. Practicing:

RepeatingA,

Formally practicing With sounds and writing systemsLSW,

Recognizing and using Formulas and patternsA

Recombining SW,

Practicing Naturalistically A

B. Receiving and sending messages:

Getting the idea QuicklyLR,

Using resources for Receiving and sending messages A

C. Analyzing and reasoning

ReasoningDeductive A,

Analyzing ExpressionsLR,

Analyzing Contrastively (across languages)LR,

Translating A,

TransferringA

D. Creating structure for input and output

Taking notesLRW, SummarizingLRW, HighlightingLRW

III. Compensation strategies_______________

A. Guessing intelligently:

Using linguistic Clues LR ,

Using and other cluesLR

B. Overcoming limitations in speaking and Writing:

Switching to the Mother tongueS,

Getting HelpS;

Using mime or GestureS,

Avoiding Communication partially or totallyS,

Selecting the TopicSW

Adjusting or Approximating the messageSW,

Coining wordsSW,

Using a Circumlocution Or synoymSW

_____________________I. Metacognitive Strategies______________

A. Centering your Learning

Overviewing and linking, Paying attention, delaying Speech production

B. Arranging and Planning your learning

Meta-linguistics, Organizing, Setting Goals, Identifying

purposes, Planning for a task language, Seeking times To practice

C. Evaluating your Learning

Self-monitoring, Self-evaluating

___________________II. Affective Strategies__________

A. Lowering your Anxiety

Using progresive Relaxation/meditation, using Music, using Laughter

B. Encouraging Yourself

Making Positive statements,taking Wise risk-taking, Rewarding yourself

C. Taking your Emotional temperature

Listen yourBody , using Checklist, writing language learning Diary,

Disscussing your feelings with someone else

_________________III. Social Strategies______________

A. Asking questions

Asking Clarification or verification, asking for Correction

B. Cooperating with Others

Cooperating with Peer ,Cooperating with prolicient users Of the new language

C. Empathizing with Others

Developing cultural understanding, Becoming aware of

others’ thoughts and feelings.

Direct strategies include such things as memorizing, analyzing and reasoning, and Guessing intelligently. As the name suggests, these are specific procedures That learners can use to internalize the language.

Indirect strategies on the other hand, include things such as evaluating one’s Learning,(talking steps to power one’s anxiety), and cooperating with others.

ESL stands English as the second language and means learning English in an English speaking country like UK, USA.Australia, etc.

EFL stands for English as a foreign language and means English in a non-native speaking Country like here Ecuador because Spanish is our official language.

LANGUAGE LEARNING (Conscious process) Artificial-technical-Priority on the written language-Formal Instruction-Focus on form-produces knowledge

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (unconscious process) Natural-Personal-Priority on the spoken language-Meaningful Interaction-Focus on communication-Produces an ability..