Spanish Lexicon: Words, Meanings, and Relationships

Flow lexicon.

Is the set of words that a language offers its speakers.

Words heritage.

It's that, from Vulgar Latin, have evolved over the centuries in popular usage (now ).

Cultism.

Words of Latin or Greek origin eventually incorporated into Castilian by speakers familiar with those classics. Its phonetic connection to the Latin word origin is greater than the words property (verdict ).

Doublets.

Are the cases where, from the same Latin base, attend one word equity and other types of cultism:

Loanwords.

These are the words of other languages that have been incorporated into Castilian. According to the source language, we call

Tracings.

They are adaptations of foreign words translated its entirety formants: basketball (English basket-ball).

Onomatopoeia.

Formation of a word by imitation of a sound of reality: doodle, zigzag, ticking.

Acronimia.

Forming a word with the initials or acronym of a phrase or sequence of words: AIDS, Renfe.

Neologisms and archaisms.

We refer to the first of these terms at any word recently introduced in the Spanish lexicon (car, supersonic, internet) and the second, obsolescent terms (the preposition be, the adverb Hogan).

Lexemes (or lexical morphemes).

Its semantic content is provided by the human cognitive experience and is recognized in the dictionary.

Morphemes (or lexemes grammar).

Its meaning is part of the tongue. The study of grammar. There are several types:

Compound words:

those formed by two lexemes (umbrella) or two independent grammatical morphemes (though).

Derived words:

formed with prefixes or suffixes, from pre-existing lexical bases: level> gap; flower> vase.

Parasintéticas words:

a lexical base simultaneously add a prefix and suffix, but there is only one term of two components: pattern> to register.

Polysemy.

Are the various meanings of the same sign. they will all have a common sema. Let's look at DRAE, for example, the meanings of the word white or hand.

Synonymy.

Designates the relationship between two or more words in the same grammatical category that have identical or similar meaning. Synonyms are few: unharmed / free.

Homonymy.

Set of two words that have the same signifier (image phonics): cow / roof rack. They also agree homographs when the script: banda / band.

Antonyms.

Is the set of two words of opposite meaning: cold / hot (admit a gradation between them.)

Complementarity.

Set of two opposites that do not support gradation between them and in which the meaning of each one of them implies the existence of other, male / female, buy / sell.

Hiperonimia, hyponymy and cohiponimia:

the hypernym is the generic term, which contains or includes the hyponym or cohipónimos: birch, maple, wild olive, are cohipónimos poplar tree, which is the hypernym.

Denotation and connotation.

Denotation is the core meaning that has a term in a particular language community. Connotation is the meaning that can bring additional one context or the experience of an individual or a social group: the word car has a different connotation as it appears in an advertisement for a car model or a historical novel set in the eleventh century . The word fish does not mean exactly the same for a fishmonger for a housewife, for the inhabitants of a coastal zone for others far from the sea in a municipal financial report in a love poem.

Semantic field:

A set of lexical units that share a common content and may appear in the same context

Associative field:

is the term by establishing a contiguous reference, the word war is a field associated with weapons, troops, occupation, death, devastation, surrender, prisoner, defeat, victory.

Vocabulary and language varieties.

The language varieties are divided into: Diafásicas.Diastráticas. Diatopic.