Spanish Language Variations and Dialects

Worship Level

In-Plane Phonics

Complete and careful articulation, and moderate tone.

On the Morphosyntactic

Periods carefully crafted and comprehensive syntactic, and discourse is coherent.

On the Semantic Lexicon

Vocabulary ownership, use of neologisms and foreign words (with a limit!).

Scientific-Technical Language

Variety of cultural language, limited to different fields of knowledge (medicine, technology, etc.) comes from the lexicon: the usual language, Greek and Latin, and English. The language is denotative, rigorous, rational, and unambiguous.

Jargon

The special language of a particular social group, only used by its speakers as members of this social group, outside the general language speakers. There is slang for: soldiers, criminals (underworld), students, political cheli, etc.

Diatopic or Geographical Varieties

Concept of Dialect

Dialect differs from language in that the dialect has no literary tradition, unlike the language itself. Also, in the language, the speaker is aware of its linguistic differentiation. Language linguistic boundaries are well defined, unlike dialects. Language is not the same as dialect. There are many dialects within a language.

Andaluz

It is well defined by the "isoglosses", lines connecting points of equal language, and marking the boundaries of the Andalusian linguistic features. These features are:

A Phonological Level

• Seseo
• Ceceo
• Yeísmo
• Aspiration /X/ = J
• Aspiration of the final "s"
• Confusion of the "r" and "l" (e.g., "farda"/"balcón")
• Loss or relaxation of the final -r
• Disappearance of /d/, /g/, /r/ intervocálicas (e.g., "finger"/"deo")

A Morphological Level

• Use of infinitive for imperative
• "You" instead of "you" (vosotros)

Lexical-Semantic Level

• The use of archaisms and Arabisms

Judeo-Español

Heir to the language spoken by Jews expelled from the Peninsula in 1492. It is spoken by a million people in Israel, Turkey, and New York.

Extremeño

It is a transitional dialect between Leonese and Andalusian.

Murcia

A transitional dialect between Valencian and Andalusian.

Bilingualism and Diglossia

Bilingualism is the use of two languages without special attitude toward one or another. Diglossia is the regular use of two languages with different purposes or in different social situations. Both terms mean the same etymologically, but are not synonymous.

Spanish-American

When the language arrived in Spanish America, it was already formed, so the changes have been few. It extends across South America and is not uniform, its substrate is influenced by Indian languages and Andalusian. Features are:

A Phonological Level

• Seseo
• Yeísmo
• Aspiration of the final "s"

A Morphological Level

• Use of plenty of diminutives
• Voseo: "you" (vos) instead of "you" (tú)
• Indefinite present perfect
• Adjectives as adverbializers (e.g., "new" with "just")
• Possessive preceding the vocative

A Lexical Level

• Archaisms and neologisms from English