Spanish Language: Origins, Dialects, and Evolution

Varieties of Spanish

Northern Range

Hablaba is in the eleventh century, there were two: Navarroaragones and Asturias-Leon.

Southern Varieties

Dialects are: Andalusia, Extremadura, Murcia, Canary Islands.

• Lisp
• Yeismo
• Aspiration of the 's'
• Loss of 'd' between vowels
• Alternation 'l' and 'r'

Bilingual Communities

Catalonia, Balearic Islands, Valencia, Galicia, Basque Country, and parts of Navarre.

Spanish in America

• Phonics: Lisp, yeismo, aspiration of the 's', alternating 'l' and 'r'
• Morphosyntactic: Voseo disappears and you and your substitute for you, diminutives, adverbialization of adjectives
• Lexicons: Accept Spanish words, palabras Indias (Indian words), they use old words of Spanish, using neologisms

Castilian Origin

This is a Romance language, it has its origin in Latin. What hablaba (was spoken) in Spain was Vulgar Latin.

The Spanish Lexicon

The greater part of the lexicon of our language comes from the Latin lexicon.

Words of Pre-Roman Origin

Some words of perromanas (pre-Roman) languages joined the Latin and got to us.

Germanic Origin

They are words of Germanic origin, Germanisms that were introduced in our language. They come from the Visigoths.

Arabic in Origin

After Latin, Arabic is the language that has contributed much to the Castilian lexicon.

Languages of the New World

The Americans are the words from indigenous languages spoken in America.

Italian Origin

Italianos are words of Italian origin that were introduced in Spain in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Latin Cultures

Latin Cultures are the words whose form is very similar to the Latin word from which they came.

Gallicisms

Gallicisms are words of Castilian from the French that were introduced into our language in two different historical moments, the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the eighteenth.

Neologisms

Neologisms are words recently added to the language because of the need to appoint new realities or the fashion or the whim of the speakers.

Borrowings from English: Anglicisms

Anglicisms are words taken from English that Spanish has joined.

The Andalusian

The Andalusian consists of all words used in Andalusia as palabras (words) themselves as Spanish words.

Text Properties

Text is the unit of full disclosure, oral or written, of variable extent, that occurs in a specific location.

Properties: Fitness and Consistency

It is adapted to the communicative intention of the issuer, and situation of communication, but that are related, logical relationship, not contradictory, that progress information.

Cohesion

• Lexical Semantics: Lexical repetition, derived words, synonyms, antonyms, hyperonyms, hyponyms, semantic fields, and associated
• Grammar: Use of value words, cataphoric anaphora or verbal forms, ellipsis, textual connectors

Word Classes

• According to the channel: Oral / Written
• By status of communication: Formal or kolokiales (colloquial)
• Communicative intention: Expressive, referential, nicknames, phatic, metalinguistic, literary
• Variety of discourse: Narrative, descriptive, dialogue, expository, informative, argumentative