Spanish Golden Age Poets: Garcilaso, Fray Luis, San Juan
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Garcilaso de la Vega (Toledo)
Served King Charles I. Exiled to an island in the Danube, then Naples. Influenced by Italian poets. Died at 35.
Themes:
- Love, sadness for the absent beloved
- Nature, locus amoenus
- Friendship, fate, fortune
Style:
- Early: Petrarchan, Ausias March influence
- Later: Increased Petrarchan influence
- Epithets, metaphors, personifications, hyperbatons
Fray Luis de León (Cuenca)
Augustinian Order, University of Salamanca professor. Imprisoned for 5 years.
Works:
- Original Poetica: 23 poems, mostly liras. Moral and religious themes. Influenced by Horace, Virgil, biblical texts.
- Prose: Humanist and Augustinian values. Exposition of Song of Songs, Exhibition of the Book of Job.
San Juan de la Cruz (Ávila)
Studied at University of Salamanca, joined Carmelite Order. Imprisoned.
Poems:
- Living Flame of Love: Celebration of mystical union.
- Dark Night of the Soul: Woman seeks union with God.
- Spiritual Canticle: Dramatic structure, woman seeks Beloved, spiritual marriage.
Prose:
- Four mystical treatises: Ascent of Mount Carmel, Dark Night (related to the poem), Spiritual Canticle, Living Flame of Love (related to the poems).