Spanish Civil War: Causes, Consequences & Basque Impact

1. Ariketa

1.1. Dendak Irekitzea

18:26an ireki dituzte hainbat denda.

18:26an - hainbat denda

1.2. Anai-Arreben Jaiotza

1991ko maiatzaren 26an jaio ziren zure anai-arrebak.

Maiatzaren 26an - anai-arreba

1.3. Hizkuntza Eskola

Datorren ikasturtean hizkuntza-eskolan emango dute izena hainbat neskek.

Hizkuntza-eskolan - dute - hainbat neskak

1.4. Goizeko Irteera

Urtarriletik maiatzera, ostegunetan, goizeko 07:30etan aterako gara etxetik.

Urtarriletik maiatzera - 07:30ean

1.5. Ekonomi Bileraren Amaiera

Ekonomi-arloko bilera gaueko zortzi eta erdietan amaitu zen; proposamenaren inguruko bozketan, sei eta lau egin zuten.

Ekonomia-arloko - zortzi eta erdietan - sei eta lau egin zuten

1.6. Hezkuntza Proiektua

Ez zaitu inork ere ezagutu, hezkuntza proiektuan aritu ginenetik urte asko igaro dira eta.

ez - hezkuntza-proiektuan

1.7. Erosketak eta Adierazpenak

Gaur goizean zerbait erosi al duzu? Ezer. Norbaiti adierazi al diozu? Inori.

Ezer ez - Inori ez

1.8. Ikasketa Plana Eskoletan

Zenbait eskoletan ez dago ikasketa planik.

Eskoletan - planik

1.9. Gertatutako Egoera

Makina bat mutilei gertatu zaie hori. Eta hori gutxi balitz bezala, ia inor ez da konturatu!

Eta hori gutxi balitz bezala

1.10. Hizlariak Ikastaroetan

Makina bat hizlariek parte hartuko dute EHUko zenbait ikastarotan.

Hizlariak - Ikastarotan

1.11. Errepidea Donostira

Donostira doan errepide hau betirako konponduko dutela iruditzen zaizu?

ONDO

1.12. Gazteen Ardurakizuna

Zein arduratsu diren gaur egungo gazte asko! Edozein ekintzetan parte hartzen saiatzen dira.

ONDO

1.13. Ikasketak Gasteizen

Euri Filologia ikasketak egitera joan da aurten Gasteizera, nahiz eta Filosofia ikasketak ere gustuko dituen.

Euri Filologia ikasketak - Gasteizera - Filosofia - gustuko

1.14. Istripua Bizkaitik Zetorrela

Bizkaiatik zetorrela, enpresari bat zauritu omen da goizean gertatu den istripuan.

ONDO

1.15. Arreta Piztu Zidan Bizilaguna

Arreta piztu zidan bizilagunetako batek ez zuelako ezer adierazi; laguna kargutik kendu zutelako gaizki sentitzen zen.

Arreta piztu - kendu - sentitzen

1.16. Gogo Ezak Bultzatu Zuen

Gogorik ezak bultzatu zuen Biologia ikasketak uztera.

Gogorik - Biologia ikasketak

1.17. Irakasle Bezala

Irakasle bezala hasi da Donostian eta konpontzea lortu duten arazo garrantzitsu bat izan dute eskolan.

bezala

1.18. Obabakoak Liburua

Gauzak behar bezala adierazteko modu berriak erakusten ditu Atxagarengatik idatzia den Obabakoak liburuak.

ONDO

1.19. Herri Berdinean Bizi Gara

Herri berean bizi gara lagun guztiok eta larunbatero elkartzen gara, arratsaldeko seietan.

Berean - guztiok - seietan

1.20. Irakasle Ezberdinei Prestakuntza

Ikastetxeko hainbat irakasleri une batzuetan prestakuntza ikastaroak eskainiko zaizkie.

Hainbat irakasleri - prestakuntza

2. Ariketa

1- Etekin=Nozkin/lortu=eskuratu

2- Itauna= Galdera/ihardespena=erantzuna

3- Eskarmentu=Esperientzia/ekidin=saihesten

4- Altzoan=Magalean/musu=pa

5- Pastelak=Opilak/gustuko=laket

3. Ariketa

1- Hargin

2- Tortilla

3- Ospitalea

4- Ingurumena

5- Liburuzain

6- Etziko

7- Errotari

8- Gudu

9- Basamortu

10- Disko

4. Ariketa

a) Hezkuntza neurriak: Okerra. "hezkuntza" ez da salbuespena, beraz ezin du a galdu

b) Geologi-azterketa: Okerra, -ia amaitzen denean, -a kenduz gero ezin zaio (-) jarri

c) Kultur-eskaintza: okerra, a goltzoon bereiz idazten baitira

d) Natur baliabideak: ongi dago, salbuespena delako eta bereiz idatzita dagoelako

e) Hizkuntza-eskakizuna ongi dago, -a letra idaztean aukeran baitago kentzea

Fronte Popular Kausak

The Popular Front was founded in the late days of the Second Spanish Republic (1936) as a political union of left-wing parties. It was formed in the February 1936 elections and brought together socialists, republicans, and some communists to resist the power of the right. There were several principal causes of reaching this age.

First, the social and economic conflicts left Spain very divided. From 1931, the great landowners and the bourgeoisie, on the one hand, and the workers and peasants on the other, were at odds. The redistribution of land and labour reforms aroused opposition from the right, increasing social conflict.

Secondly, in the 1933 elections, the right-wing government won, and it overturned the reforms of previous years. This caused unrest on the left, as evidenced by the October Revolution of 1934, which was particularly severe in Asturias and Catalonia.

Faced with this, the forces of the left sought unity to confront the government of the right. In 1935, the People's Front created a joint strategy and won the elections on 16 February 1936. After the formation of the Government, he sought the release of political prisoners, the restoration of reforms, and the strengthening of the defence of the Republic.

However, the victory of the Popular Front increased social tension. Sections of the right, together with rebel groups in the army, began to outlaw the government. Finally, on 18 July 1936, the Franco military carried out a coup d'état, starting the Spanish Civil War.

Fronte Popular Konsekuentziak

The influence of the Popular Front in the last years of the Second Spanish Republic (1936) was profound and had several consequences. At that time, Spanish society was highly polarized, and the victory of the Popular Front exacerbated political and social tensions.

The first consequence was the radicalization of society. The left-wing forces saw the victory of the People's Front as a victory for the republic, and the right-wing forces as a revolutionary threat. As a result, political violence and conflict increased, resulting in murders and riots.

Secondly, the conservative sections of the right (landowners, industrialists, and the Catholic Church) began a conspiracy against the new government. On 18 July 1936, the Spanish Civil War began.

As a third consequence, the government of the People's Front released the political prisoners and restored the previous reforms. The workers and peasants increased the occupations of the land, which aroused the anger of the bourgeoisie and the great landowners.

Finally, the authority of the government was weakened by the efforts of the extreme right-wing forces to destabilize the republic. Finally, political conflicts and the coup d'état of the military brought an end to the Second Republic, and the Spanish Civil War broke out.

Civil War in the Basque Country (1936-1939)

The Civil War in the Basque Country (1936-1939) was triggered by various causes, which led to a change in society and deep policies in the Basque Country. In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic was founded and the Basque Country gained autonomy, but the Statute was not fully developed before the coup d'état of 1936. The left-wing forces of the republic, such as the PSOE and ERC, supported reforms and social rights, but the right-wing sectors, the carlists and the Falangists, opposed the republic.

The labour movement, socialism and anarchism gained strength, and the 1934 socialist revolution also affected the Basque Country. Workers demanded social rights, and fighting and strikes based on them intensified. In 1936 the coup d'état began, and the political and military struggle between Republicans and Franchists in the Basque Country intensified. In the Basque Country, jeltzales and Basque republicans allied themselves in the struggle for autonomy, but carlists and Falangists fought for Francoism.

The Civil War left a deep division into society and politics in the Basque Country. The imposition of Francoism led to attacks on autonomy and political rights, and this continued for many years. The Civil War caused deep trauma and polyarisation in Basque society, which had serious consequences even after the war. Many Basques faced the repression of Francoism and there were political and social conflicts. This has been further developed, and the connections between political, social, and ideological causes are emphasized. At the end of the text, the consequences of Francoism and its impact on society, namely trauma and polyarization, which had a serious impact on the Basque Country, are added. This provides a broader view of the subject, and the text is more elaborate.

Consequences of the Civil War in the Basque Country

The consequences of the Civil War in the Basque Country were profound and varied, both socially and politically. At the end of the war, the Basque Country was subjected to Franco's repression, which had serious consequences.

First, repression was the main incident. Anti-Franco ideas and political struggle were outlawed, and Republicans, nationalists, Basque jeltzales and members of the workers' movement were persecuted and excluded. They were shot, imprisoned, and exiled, and the lives of many were destroyed. In society, this created a deep political and ideological divide that continued for years, creating a climate of censorship and revenge even within the family and the community.

Secondly, the use of the Basque language and the attacks on Basque culture were evident. Francoism reduced the use of the Basque language and the manifestations of patriotic identity, and the expressions of the Basque language and culture were despised. The Basque language was banned in schools and in the administration, and severe censorship was imposed in the cultural sphere. However, efforts for the recovery of the Basque language and the survival of culture began in the late 1960s, but the repression of Francoism had long been an obstacle.

Finally, the loss of autonomy was also important. The progress of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country was reversed with the advent of Francoism. An attempt was made to dismantle the Basque institutions and establish centralism, and the self-government of the Basque Country de facto disappeared. In politics, pre-war political parties and trade unions were outlawed, and the ideas of the Republic were frustrated. In society, the climate of violence and revenge was greatly affected, and political and social polarizations were deepened in society.

Thus, the effects of the Civil War were not merely a military struggle, but brought about profound changes in society, language, cultural survival, and political structure. Francoism established new political, social and cultural frameworks in the Basque Country, which continued for years.

The First Basque Government (1931-1939)

The first Basque Government (1931-1939) was appointed President José Antonio Aguirre after the adoption of the Statute of Autonomy for the Basque Country in 1931, in the context of the Second Republic. Since the adoption of the Statute, the Basque Country has achieved political and administrative self-government, and the Basque Government has assumed powers such as education, health, justice and the economy. The main objective of the Government was to protect Basque culture and identity, and within it the use of the Basque language in administrative matters was promoted. The use of the Basque language entered school and administration for the first time in order to strengthen Basque culture and identity.

During the Spanish Civil War of 1936, the Basque Country was a supporter of the Republic, but in 1937 the Franchists took over Bilbao and dissolved the authority of the Basque Government. During the war, the bombing of Gernika was an important milestone in the history of Basque nationalism. This bombing was a sign of the Franco attack, which made Gernika a symbol of Basque nationalism.

After the war, with the advent of Francoism, self-government ceased. José Antonio Aguirre and members of his government went into exile, and the struggle for self-government ceased. However, the ideological legacy left by the First Basque Government greatly influenced the consolidation of Basque nationalism, which was subsequently strengthened in 1978 in order to achieve the Basque Autonomy.    7.2

The first Basque Government marked the historic defence of Basque identity and self-government, and had a great influence on the subsequent creation of the Basque Government and on the laying of the foundations of modern Basque politics.

The Right-Wing Biennium (1933-1935)

The right-wing biennium (1933-1935) was marked by conservative policies and growing political tensions. In the 1933 elections, right-wing parties, united in a coalition, won due to the left’s failure to form alliances. Although CEDA received the most votes, President Alcalá-Zamora appointed Lerroux as Prime Minister to prevent extreme right-wing control and leftist uprisings. Lerroux’s government focused on reversing previous reforms, passing the Amnesty Law to release General Sanjurjo and implementing agrarian policies favoring landowners. The government also reinforced economic support for the Catholic Church, despite constitutional restrictions.

Tensions escalated in 1934, leading to widespread strikes and revolts. The appointment of three CEDA ministers signaled a shift toward authoritarianism, prompting socialists and UGT to call for a general strike. In Catalonia, President Companys declared an independent Catalan state, but the government responded with bombings and arrests. In Asturias, industrial and mine workers staged an armed revolt, controlling the region for weeks before facing brutal repression. The uprising deepened divisions between political factions.

The government weakened due to corruption scandals and internal conflicts. Lerroux resigned, and growing tensions between CEDA and the Radical Party led to the dissolution of Parliament in 1936, setting the stage for new elections.