Software Requirements Engineering
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Functional vs. Non-Functional Requirements
Functional Requirements define functionality for users, using natural language.
Non-Functional Requirements define quality attributes such as:
- Usability
- Reliability
- Efficiency & Performance
- Hardware & Software Constraints
Requirements
Requirements state what software does, not how it does it; this avoids unnecessary constraints.
Design Patterns
A design pattern is a reusable solution to a recurring problem.
Types of Requirements
- Business Requirements: High-level, describe business objectives, and do not describe functionality.
- User Requirements: Describe the tasks users need to accomplish. Multiple user requirements may relate to one business requirement.
- Software Features: Groups of logically related functional requirements, often with a marketing emphasis, organized hierarchically (e.g., in a tree structure).
Properties of Good Requirements
Good requirements are:
- Complete
- Correct
- Feasible
- Unambiguous
- Consistent
- Validatable
- Modifiable
- Traceable
Requirements Engineering Process
- Eliciting Needs
- Analyzing Information & Specifications
- Allocating Requirements
- Negotiating Implementation Planning
- Documenting Requirements
- Reviewing Documents for Validation
Information Gathering Techniques
- Interviews
- Document Analysis
- Surveys
- Problem Lists
- Customer Site Visits
- Reverse Engineering Existing Systems
- Facilitated Requirements Workshops
Use Cases
A use case is a set of related usage scenarios, a sequence of interactions between the system and an actor.
User Stories
Used in agile development, user stories provide a short description of a requirement and are not expanded into detailed functional requirements.
Requirements Management Activities
- Define a requirements change-control process.
- Establish change board control.
- Use a requirements management tool.
- Create a traceability matrix.
- Track the status of each requirement.
- Establish baselines and control versions of requirements documents.
- Maintain a history of requirements.
Inspections
Inspections involve developers reviewing documents to find errors, ambiguity, and violations.
Inspection Roles
- Author: The main developer.
- Inspectors: Reviewers of the document.
- Recorder: Documents the findings.
- Moderator: Facilitates the inspection meeting.
- Manager: Responsible for the inspection process (but not present during the inspection itself).
Inspection Rules
: manager not present,inspectors take turns&tactful,problems not solved,producer does not defend work